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The Most Versatile VoIP Provider: FREE PORTING

Allison’s Text-to-Speech Trifecta: Cepstral, Asterisk 1.4 or 1.6, and FreePBX 2.4

If you've longed for a text-to-speech Asterisk® toolkit that sounds just like the default Allison prompts that ship with Asterisk 1.4, then today is your lucky day. We're going to walk you through installing Cepstral with Asterisk 1.4 or 1.6 and FreePBX 2.4. The icing on the cake is a new Cepstral voice that sounds just like the twin sister of Asterisk's Allison. And guess what? Just like the two Darryl's on the Bob Newhart Show, the twin sister's name is Allison, too. What a coincidence! Well, not really. Allison is actually the first TTS voice created using Cepstral's new VoiceForge™ technology. For the complete history of the development of Allison's voice for Cepstral, you can read all about it here.

Update: For the latest news on Cepstral and app_swift, visit the PBX in a Flash Forums.

Next week, in Part 2, we'll build the Nerd Vittles' Stealth AutoAttendant in FreePBX to answer your incoming calls with a separate IVR to process calls when you're not around. For those new to Nerd Vittles, the Stealth AutoAttendant answers incoming calls with a message like this: "Hi. You've reached Total Telephony Solutions. Please hold a moment while we connect your call to the next available representative." Or, for home users, the message might go something like this: "Hi. You've reached the Mundy's residence. Someone will be right with you." While the greeting message is playing, you can press keys on your phone to transfer to an extension, activate DISA, or retrieve your voicemail messages. Because the options aren't advertised in the greeting, other callers won't know they're available. We'll protect the IVR options with passwords, of course. The NoAnswer or Unavailable IVR will also include options to leave a message, transfer to your cell phone, or drop into an applications AutoAttendant. The difference in the 2008 version of these AutoAttendants is that, this time around, you can customize all of the IVR announcements and options to meet your specific needs in less than a minute. And we'll design, develop, and deploy the entire solution using FreePBX's web interface and no custom code. All of this becomes possible thanks to FreePBX and Cepstral's Allison, who will be on your payroll once we get finished up with this project.

Prerequisites. To get this working won't cost you a dime. But, once you've played with it and like it (and we know you will), you'll need to spring for the $30 to license the Cepstral Allison voice for your Asterisk system. Our advice is simple. Try it first. Then you can buy it. You'll also need a robust Asterisk 1.4 platform with Linux, Apache, SendMail, PHP, and MySQL preconfigured to support text-to-speech applications. Not that we're biased or anything, but may we recommend you give PBX in a Flash a try. You'll find complete installation instructions and the free download here.

And, during the FreePBX Training Seminar in Charleston, we'll walk you through revising the Nerd Vittles weather, news, and email text-to-speech applications to take advantage of the tremendous power that Cepstral and Cepstral's Allision now bring to your Asterisk platform. See what you're missing by not attending the FreePBX Training Seminar. Don't worry!! We'll share all of the code with you anyway, but the seminar participants will get to play with it first.

Installing Cepstral. For today, we're going to walk you through installing Cepstral with the Cepstral Allison voice. But there are numerous other voices. You can check all of them out on the Cepstral demo site. Just be sure to select only the 8kHz voices which are specifically designed to support telephony applications. Once you find the voice you like, you can decipher the download link here. Be sure you choose the correct i386-Linux version for your system. You can't use the 32-bit version on a 64-bit CentOS system, e.g. the new 64-bit ISO of PBX in a Flash 1.2. But the same license key works for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the same voice. Upgrades to the 5.0 Cepstral voices are available here.

CentOS 5.x 32-bit Install. For the 32-bit version of PBX in a Flash 1.1 or 1.2, log into your system as root and enter the following commands:1

cd /root
wget http://downloads.cepstral.com/cepstral/i386-linux/↩
Cepstral_Allison-8kHz_i386-linux_5.1.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf Cepstral*
cd Cepstral_Allison-8kHz_i386-linux_5.1.0
./install.sh

CentOS 5.1 64-bit Install. For the 64-bit version of PBX in a Flash 1.2, log into your system as root and enter the following commands:

cd /root
wget http://downloads.cepstral.com/cepstral/x86-64-linux/↩
Cepstral_Allison-8kHz_x86-64-linux_5.1.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf Cepstral*
cd Cepstral_Allison-8kHz_x86-64-linux_5.1.0
./install.sh

After you've read the license, type yes to install the voice on your system, not -yes- as the instructions imply. Don't ask how I know. Accept the default locations for the installation. When the installation completes, issue the following command:

echo /opt/swift/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/cepstral.conf
ldconfig

Now plug some speakers into your PBX in a Flash system, and type: swift "Hello World." If you want to get fancy, try this one:

swift "Hello <break time='200ms' /> World"

You can read up on Cepstral's Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) here. Before we continue, you need to write down the name of the installed voice. You'll need this to register the voice later and to get Asterisk set up properly to use Cepstral. Here's the command to retrieve the voice name(s) that you've installed:

ls /opt/swift/voices

Installing app-swift. There's another important piece in getting Cepstral to play nicely with Asterisk 1.4 or 1.6, apt-swift. In the words of the author, it does four things and does them well:

* Doesn't keep the caller waiting in silence while the app generates the entire TTS output to a temp file
* Doesn't unceremoniously kill off the swift engine when done, upsetting the Cepstral license server and eating a concurrency license
* Has configurable in-memory buffering of the swift output to balance memory usage vs Swift process concurrency
* Responds to user DTMF during the speech by setting a channel variable and optionally doing a goto of the extension entered

Asterisk 1.4 Install. To install apt-swift on your PBX in a Flash/Asterisk 1.4 system:

cd /usr/src
wget http://pbxinaflash.net/source/app_swift/app_swift-1.4.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf app_swift*
rm *.gz
cd app_swift-1.4.2
make
make install

Asterisk 1.6 Install. If you're using the newer versions of PBX in a Flash with Asterisk 1.6, you will need Darren Session's 1.6-compatible version of app-swift:

cd /usr/src
wget http://pbxinaflash.net/source/app_swift/app_swift-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf app_swift-1.6*
rm *.gz
cd app_swift-1.6.2
make
make install
cp swift.conf.sample /etc/asterisk/swift.conf
chown asterisk:asterisk /etc/asterisk/swift.conf

Finally, you need to add a link in your search path for Cepstral and modify /etc/asterisk/swift.conf to tell it which voice you want to use with Asterisk and then restart Asterisk. Assuming you installed Allison-8kHz, here are the commands.

ln -s /opt/swift/bin/swift /usr/bin/swift
sed -i 's|David-8kHz|Allison-8kHz|' /etc/asterisk/swift.conf
amportal restart

Testing Cepstral in Your Dialplan. To be sure that everything is installed and working with Asterisk, issue this command:

asterisk -rx "core show application swift"

You should receive the following response:

-= Info about application 'Swift' =-

[Synopsis]
Speak text through Swift text-to-speech engine.

[Description]
Swift(text) Speaks the given text through the Swift TTS engine.
Returns -1 on hangup or 0 otherwise. User can exit by pressing any key.

If everything is working swimmingly, let's modify your dialplan a bit to give Cepstral a test run. Edit /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf (nano -w filename) and search (Ctrl-W) for 1234. You should then see a string of code that looks something like this:

exten => 1234,1,Playback(demo-congrats)
exten => 1234,2,Hangup()
exten => h,1,Hangup()

Let's modify it so that it looks like this:

;exten => 1234,1,Playback(demo-congrats)
exten => 1234,1,Swift(Congratulations! You have installed Cepstral.)
exten => 1234,2,NoOp(Key pressed: ${SWIFT_DTMF})
exten => 1234,3,Swift(You pressed ${SWIFT_DTMF}. Goodbye.)
exten => 1234,4,Hangup()
exten => h,1,Hangup()

Save your changes (Ctrl-X, then Y, then Enter). And restart Asterisk: amportal restart. Now dial 1-2-3-4 from an extension on your PBX in a Flash system. Presto! Welcome to the World of Cepstral on your Asterisk 1.4 PBX. Should you have problems with the install, kindly post a message on the PBX in a Flash Forum. Enjoy!

Licensing Cepstral Voices. If you've made it this far with no hiccups, it's probably time to cough up your 30 bucks and make the nag messages disappear. (HINT: Read all of the comments, and you might save some money.) Keep in mind that it's $30 per simultaneous connection using Cepstral! If you're an application designer, you probably need to keep this in mind. It doesn't tie up your Cepstral voice very long to read a sentence. But reading a 7-day weather forecast is another matter. For the latter type application, it makes more sense to conserve your voice licenses by quickly generating a .wav file with Cepstral and then releasing the Cepstral engine. The same applies with IVR applications. Using Cepstral is the same PHP syntax as flite except you substitute the swift command, e.g. system("swift -f $inputfile -o $outputfile"). You then can play back the .wav file using other tools within Asterisk. Now go to this link to pay the piper. Be sure you select U.S. English language, Allison-8kHz voice, and Linux platform before you check out, or it's money down the drain. Write down the name, company (optional), and key that is issued once you fill in the blanks. Then it's back to your PBX in a Flash system as root and enter the following command. Note: it's two hyphens before the word reg-voice.

swift --reg-voice

Fill in the blanks with the information you wrote down, and you're all set. Dial 1-2-3-4 from a phone on your system again, and the nag message should be gone.

Your Name: John Q. Public
Company (if applicable): Acme Widgets
Voice: Allison-8kHz
License Key: xx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxx


Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest...

  1. Join the following line and the original line with no intervening space when you encounter the ↩ character. []

Build a $199 Turnkey (Green!) Asterisk 1.4 System in Less Than An Hour

It takes a lot to get our attention on the Asterisk® hardware front these days, but this one’s a genuine eyepopper in our book. For $199 (actually $223.89 including shipping and tax), WalMart delivers a brand new Everex Green gPC to your door with a 1.5GHz VIA C7-D Energy Efficient Processor, 512MB of DDR2 533MHz SDRAM, an 80GB, 7200 RPM PATA drive, DVD/CD-RW drive, 10/100 Ethernet adapter, 6 USB ports, keyboard, mouse, speakers, and one year warranty. While the machine ships with Linux preinstalled, we chose to spend 33 minutes installing the latest version of PBX in a Flash which provides CentOS 5, Asterisk 1.4, FreePBX 2.3, and the usual assortment of Linux tools: Apache, SendMail, PHP 5, phpMyAdmin, MySQL 5… and No Bugs! You can order the PC on line at this link, or you may get lucky and find one sitting in your neighborhood WalMart store. Just click on the Find in Store link on the link above. Tiger Direct and zareason.com also have the same unit, and currently it’s at the same price. For other locations, check this thread on the PBX in a Flash Forum. To say Everex can’t make these machines fast enough is really an understatement. All we can suggest is check the web sites daily. They get new shipments regularly, and they sell out just as fast. If you’re unfamiliar with the Everex brand, don’t worry. They’ve been in the PC business for decades, and their machines are built with industry-standard components. And, finally, for those of you that depend upon Asterisk systems for a living, why not build up a few of these babies as spares to have on hand. It’s the cheapest insurance you can buy!

Now that PBX in a Flash has been around for 9 whole weeks, we thought it might be helpful to walk you through the typical installation scenario that we use to bring up new systems. This gets you the latest code, all the patches, and a rock-solid system to begin your Asterisk adventure. What’s the difference in PBX in a Flash and other Asterisk 1.4 aggregations? Well, we’ll let you be the judge. Compare the Help message threads here and then here, and you’ll get the idea. So let’s get started.

Getting Started with PBX in a Flash. Just like all the other offerings, you need to begin by downloading the ISO image for PBX in a Flash (646.96 MB). As new locations for ISO downloads come on line, we will add them to the download list. Just click on the location nearest to you. Once you’ve got the image in hand, use your favorite tool to burn it to a bootable CD. Remember, your hard disk will first be erased by this install.

On the new Everex machine, insert the CD containing the pbxinaflash.iso and then reboot. After reading the initial prompts and warnings, press the Enter key to begin the installation. Or, if you want to first check the media for corruption, type linux mediacheck and then press the <Enter> key. When prompted, be sure to choose the option that erases all existing partitions and uses the default partition layout. Then choose your time zone and leave the UTC system clock option unchecked. Next choose a root password for your new system. Make it secure, and write it down. We plan to use this password for virtually everything on your new system. The install process begins. This includes MySQL, Apache, PHP, CUPS, Samba, WebMin, Subversion, SendMail, Yum, Bluetooth support, SSL, Perl, Python, the kernel development package, and much more. In about 15 minutes depending upon the speed of your PC, the install will pause to allow you to eject the CD. Click the Proceed button to continue after removing the CD. You must have an Internet connection now to complete the install so plug in a 10/100 cable if you haven’t done so already. After reboot, the system will start up with CentOS 5, then download and install Asterisk and FreePBX, and search for the necessary installation script and payload file on pbxinaflash.net. Just to repeat, If you don’t have Internet connectivity, then the installation cannot complete. When the installation finishes, reboot your system and log in as root. The IP address of your PBX in a Flash system will be displayed once you log in. If it’s blank, type service network restart after assuring that you have Internet connectivity and access to a DHCP server that hands out IP addresses. Typing ifconfig should display your IP address on the eth0 port. Write it down. We’ll need it in a minute.

Now that you’ve logged in as root, you should see the IP address displayed with the following command prompt: root@pbx:~/. If instead you see bash displayed as the command prompt and it’s not green, then the installation has not completed successfully. This is probably due to network problems but also could be caused by the time being set incorrectly on your server. You can’t compile Asterisk if the time on your computer is a date in the past! For this glitch you have to start over. If it’s a network issue, fix it and then reboot and watch for the eth0 connection to complete. Assuming it doesn’t fail the second time around, the installation will continue. Likewise, if you do not have DHCP on your network, the installation will fail because the PBX will not be given an IP address. Simply type netconfig, fill in the blanks and reboot. The install will recommence.

Required Steps to Complete the Install. There are three important things to do to complete the installation. First, from the command prompt, run genzaptelconf. This sets up your ZAP hardware as well as a timing source for conferencing. If you’re using additional hardware for your Asterisk system, we recomend removing the 56K modem when you install the cards. This will help avoid interrupt conflicts. Second, decide how to handle the IP address for your PBX in a Flash server. The default is DHCP, but you don’t want the IP address of your PBX changing. Phones and phone calls need to know how to find your PBX, and if your internal IP address changes because of DHCP, that’s a problem. You have two choices. Either set your router to always hand out the same DHCP address to your PBX in a Flash server by specifying its MAC address in the reserved IP address table of your router, or run netconfig at the command prompt and assign a permanent IP address to your server. If you experience problems with the process, see this message thread on the forum. The third configuration requirement probably accounts for more beginner problems with Asterisk systems than everything else combined. Read the next section carefully and do it now!

Getting Rid of One-Way Audio. There are some settings you’ll need to add to /etc/asterisk/sip_custom.conf if you want to have reliable, two-way communications with Asterisk: nano -w /etc/asterisk/sip_custom.conf. The entries depend upon whether your Internet connection has a fixed IP address or a DHCP address issued by your provider. In the latter case, you also need to configure your router to support Dynamic DNS (DDNS) using a service such as dyndns.org. If you have a fixed IP address, then enter settings like the following using your actual public IP address and your private IP subnet:

externip=180.12.12.12
localnet=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0      (NOTE: The first 3 octets need to match your private IP addresses!)

If you have a public address that changes and you’re using DDNS, then the settings would look something like the following:

externhost=myserver.dyndns.org
localnet=192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0      (NOTE: The first 3 octets need to match your private IP addresses!)

Once you’ve made your entries, save the file: Ctrl-X, Y, then Enter. Reload Asterisk: amportal restart. If you assigned a permanent IP address, reboot your server: shutdown -r now.

Getting Your Machine Up to Date. Tom King, one of our lead developers, has gone to great pains to make it easy for you to always have a current system. All you have to do is type a few commands, but you do have to type them. So do it now! After logging in as root, type update-scripts to get the latest PBX in a Flash scripts installed on your system. This doesn’t run them, it merely makes them available for you to run them. Once you complete this step, you can always review the latest scripting options by typing help-pbx. Now run update-fixes to apply the latest patches to your PBX in a Flash system. When it completes, you’re up to date. If you want the latest version of Asterisk, it’s easy! Just run update-source.

Activating Email Delivery of Voicemail Messages. We’ve previously shown how to configure systems to reliably deliver email messages whenever a voicemail arrives unless your ISP happens to block downstream SMTP mail servers. Here’s the link in case you need it. As it happens, you really don’t have to use a real fully-qualified domain name to get this working. So long as the entry (such as pbx.dyndns.org) is inserted in both the /etc/hosts file and /etc/asterisk/vm_general.inc with a matching servermail entry of vm@pbx.dyndns.org (as explained in the link above), your system will reliably send emails to you whenever you get a voicemail if you configure your extensions in freePBX to support this capability. You can, of course, put in real host entries if you prefer. For 90% of the systems around the world, if you just want your server to reliably e-mail you your voicemail messages, make line 3 of /etc/hosts look like this with a tab after 127.0.0.1 and spaces between the domain names:

127.0.0.1     pbx.dyndns.org pbx.local pbx localhost.localdomain localhost

And then make line 6 of /etc/asterisk/vm_general.inc look like the following:

serveremail=voicemail@pbx.dyndns.org

Now issue the following two commands to make the changes take effect:

service network restart
amportal restart

The command "setup-mail" can be used from the Linux prompt to set the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) of the mail that is sent out from your server. This may help mail to be delivered from the PBX. One of things mail servers do to reduce spam is to do a reverse lookup on where the mail has come from, checking that there is actually a mailserver at the other end. You can only do this if you have set up dynamic DNS or if you have pointed a hostname at your fixed IP address. Once you have done this, and assuming your ISP is cooperative, then you will receive your voicemails via email if you wish (this is set within FreePBX),and your PBX will email you when FreePBX needs an update. You set this feature in FreePBX General Settings.

If your hosting provider blocks downstream SMTP servers to reduce spam, here’s a link on the PBX in a Flash forum to get you squared away.

Setting Passwords and Other Stuff. While logged into your server as root, you can configure many of the ‘lesser’ passwords on your system (i.e. those passwords with less than root privileges) as well as phones, ZAP hardware, and other goodies. The only command you have to remember is help-pbx. Be aware that there are four different usernames and passwords that are enforced in the web interface to your PBX:

maint... to go everywhere
wwwadmin... for users needing FOP and MeetMe access
meetme... for users needing only MeetMe access
FreePBX... default username:password for admin access is admin:admin

There also is an Administration password you can set in the KennonSoft UI that displays when you point a browser to the IP address of your server. Do NOT use the same password here as it is not overly secure.

Configuring WebMin. WebMin is the Swiss Army Knife of Linux. It provides TOTAL access to your system through a web interface. Search Nerd Vittles for webmin if you want more information. Be very careful if you decide to enable it on the public Internet. You do this by opening port 9001 on your router and pointing it to the private IP address of your PBX in a Flash server. Before using WebMin, you need to set up a username and password for access. From the Linux prompt while logged in as root, type the following command where admin is the username you wish to set up and foo is the password you’ve chosen for the admininstrator account. HINT: Don’t use admin and foo as your username and password for WebMin unless you want your server trashed!

/usr/libexec/webmin/changepass.pl /etc/webmin root password

To access WebMin on your private network, go to http://192.168.0.123:9001 where 192.168.0.123 is the private IP address of your PBX in a Flash server. Then type the username and password you assigned above to gain entry. To stop WebMin: /etc/webmin/stop. To start WebMin: /etc/webmin/start. For complete documentation, go here.

Updating and Configuring FreePBX. FreePBX is installed as part of the PBX in a Flash implementation. This incredible, web-based tool provides a complete menu-driven user interface to Asterisk. The entire FreePBX project is a model of how open source development projects ought to work. And having Philippe Lindheimer’s as the Captain of the Ship is just icing on the cake. All it takes to get started with FreePBX is a few minutes of configuration, and you’ll have a functioning Asterisk PBX complete with voicemail, music on hold, call forwarding, and a powerful interactive voice response (IVR) system. There is excellent documentation for FreePBX which you should read at your earliest convenience. It will answer 99% of your questions about how to use and configure FreePBX. For the one percent that is not covered in the Guide, visit the FreePBX Forums which are frequented regularly by the FreePBX developers. Kindly post FreePBX questions on their forum rather than the PBX-in-a-Flash Forum. This helps everybody. Now let’s get started.

NOTE: PBX in a Flash comes with the IPtables firewall enabled on your system. If this causes problems with access to the FreePBX repository (for loading the FreePBX updates below), you can easily (and temporarily) turn off the firewall. Type help-pbx for assistance. Don’t forget to restart the firewall especially if your system has any Internet exposure!

Now move to a PC or Mac and, using your favorite web browser, go to the IP address you deciphered above for your new server. Be aware that FreePBX has a difficult time displaying properly with IE6 and IE7 and regularly blows up with older versions of Safari. Be safe. Use Firefox. From the PBX in a Flash Main Menu in your web browser, click on the Administration link and then click the FreePBX button. The username and password both default to admin. Click Apply Configuration Changes, Continue with Reload, and then Refresh your browser screen. Now click the Module Administration option in the left frame once FreePBX loads. Now click Check for Updates online in the upper right panel. Next, click Download All which will select every module for download and install. The important step here is to move down the list and Deselect Speed Dials and PHPAGI from the download and install options. You may also want to deselect Zork. Once these apps have been deselected, scroll to the bottom of the page and click Process, then Confirm, then Return once the apps are downloaded and installed, then Apply, then Continue with Reload. Now repeat the process once more and do not deselect the two applications, then Process, Confirm, Return, Apply Config Changes, and Continue with Reload. Finally, scroll down the Modules listing until you get to the Maintenance section. Click on each of the following and choose Install: ConfigEdit, Sys Info, and phpMyAdmin. Then click Process, then Confirm, then Return once the apps are downloaded and installed, then Apply, then Continue with Reload. All three of these tools now are installed in the Maintenance section of the Tools tab of FreePBX. One final step, and you’re good to go. An update of FreePBX has been released. Click Check for Updates online. Then choose Download and Upgrade for the Core, FreePBX Framework, and System Dashboard modules. Then click Process, then Confirm, then Return once the apps are downloaded and installed, then Apply, then Continue with Reload. You now have an up-to-date version of FreePBX. You’ll need to repeat the drill every few weeks as new updates are released. This will assure that you have all of the latest and greatest software. To change your Admin password, click on the Setup tab in the left frame, then click Administrators, then Admin in the far right column, enter a new password, and click Submit Changes, Apply Configuration Changes, and Continue with reload. We’re going to be repeating this process a number of times in the next section so… when instructed to Save Your Changes, that means "click Submit Changes, Apply Configuration Changes, and Continue with reload."

Choosing Internet Telephony Hosting Providers for Your System. Before you can place calls to users outside your system or to receive incoming calls, you’ll need at least one provider (each) for your incoming phone number (DID) and incoming calls as well as a provider for your outbound calls (terminations). We have a list of some of our favorites here, and there are many, many others. Within a few weeks, we also will have some providers that will offer you some free minutes for trying their service with PBX in a Flash. You basically have two choices with most providers. You can either pay as you go or sign up for an all-you-can-eat plan. Most of the latter plans also have caps on minutes, and there are none of the latter plans for business service. In the U.S. market, the going rate for pay as you go service is about 1.5¢ per minute rounded to the tenth of a minute. The best deal on DIDs is from les.net. They charge $3.99 a month for a DID with unlimited, free incoming calls. We will have a free offer from les.net for PBX in a Flash users shortly. Another new provider with excellent service and per minute rates is Aretta Communications out of Atlanta. They also have agreed to co-host our ISO downloads for the U.S. East Coast. Thanks, Aretta! WARNING: Before you sign up for any all-you-can-eat plan, do some reading about the service providers. Some of them are real scam artists with backbilling and all sorts of unconscionable restrictions. You need to be careful. Our cardinal rule in the VoIP Wild West is never, ever entrust your entire PBX to a single hosting provider. As Forrest Gump would say, "Stuff happens!" And life’s too short to have dead telephones, even if it’s a rarity.

Setting Up FreePBX to Make Your First Call. There are four components in FreePBX that need to be configured before you can place a call or receive one from outside your PBX in a Flash system. So here’s FreePBX for Dummies in less than 50 words. You need to configure Trunks, Extensions, Outbound Routes, and Inbound Routes. Trunks are hosting provider specifications that get calls delivered to and transported from your PBX to the rest of the world. Extensions are internal numbers on your PBX that connect your PBX to telephone hardware or softphones. Inbound Routes specify what should be done with calls coming in on a Trunk. Outbound Routes specify what should be done with calls going out to a Trunk. Everything else is basically fluff.

Trunks. When you sign up with most of the better ITHP’s that support Asterisk, they will provide documentation on how to connect their service with your Asterisk system. If they have a trixbox tutorial, use that since it also used FreePBX as the web front end to Asterisk. Here’s an example from les.net. And here’s the Vitelity support page although you will need to set up an account before you can access it. We also have covered the setups for a number of providers in previous articles. Just search the Nerd Vittles site for the name of the provider you wish to use. You’ll also find many Trunk setups in the trixbox Trunk Forum. Once you find the setup for your provider, add it in FreePBX by going to Setup, Trunks, Add SIP Trunk. Our AxVoice setup (which is all entered in the Outgoing section with a label of axvoice) looks like this with a Registration String of yourusername:yourpassword@sip.axvoice.com:

allow=ulaw
authname=yourusername
canreinvite=no
context=all-incoming
defaultip=sip.axvoice.com
disallow=all
dtmfmode=inband
fromdomain=sip.axvoice.com
fromuser=yourusername
host=sip.axvoice.com
insecure=very
nat=yes
secret=yourpassword
type=friend
user=phone
username=yourusername

And our Vitelity Outbound Trunk looks like the following (labeled vitel-outbound) with no registration string:

allow=ulaw&gsm
canreinvite=no
context=from-pstn
disallow=all
fromuser=yourusername
host=outbound1.vitelity.net
secret=yourpassword
sendrpid=yes
trustrpid=yes
type=friend
username=yourusername

Extensions. Now let’s set up a couple of Extensions to get you started. A good rule of thumb for systems with less than 50 extensions is to reserve the IP addresses from 192.x.x.201 to 192.x.x.250 for your phones. Then you can create extension numbers in FreePBX to match those IP addresses. This makes it easy to identify which phone on your system goes with which IP address and makes it easy for end-users to access the phone’s GUI to add bells and whistles. To create extension 201 (don’t start with 200), click Setup, Extensions, Generic SIP Device, Submit. Then fill in the following blanks leaving the defaults in the other fields for the time being.

User Extension ... 201
Display Name ... Home
Outbound CID ... [your 10-digit phone number if you have one; otherwise, leave blank]
Emergency CID ... [your 10-digit phone number for 911 ID if you have one; otherwise, leave blank]
Device Options
secret ... 123884
dtmfmode ... rfc2833
Voicemail & Directory ... Enabled
voicemail password ... 123884
email address ... yourname@yourdomain.com [if you want voicemail messages emailed to you]
pager email address ... yourname@yourdomain.com [if you want to be paged when voicemail messages arrive]
email attachment ... yes [if you want the voicemail message included in the email message]
play CID ... yes [if you want the CallerID played when you retrieve a message]
play envelope ... yes [if you want the date/time of the message played before the message is read to you]
delete Vmail ... yes [if you want the voicemail message deleted after it's emailed to you]
vm options ... callback=from-internal [to enable automatic callbacks by pressing 3,2 after playing a voicemail message]
vm context ... default

Now create several more extensions using the template above: 202, 203, 204, and 205 would be a good start. Keep the passwords simple, but secure! You’ll need them whenever you configure your phone instruments.

Outbound Routes. The idea behind multiple outbound routes is to save money. Some providers are cheaper to some places than others. We’re going to skip that tutorial today. You can search the site for lots of information on choosing providers. Assuming you have only one or two for starters, let’s just set up a default outbound route for all your calls. Using your web browser, access FreePBX on your server and click Setup, Outbound Routes. Enter a route name of Everything. Enter the dial patterns for your outbound calls. In the U.S., you’d enter something like the following:

1NXXNXXXXXX
NXXNXXXXXX

Click on the Trunk Sequence pull-down and choose your providers in the order you’d like them to be used for outbound calls.Click Submit Changes and then save your changes. Note that a second choice in trunk sequence only gets used if the calls fails to go through using your first choice. You’ll notice there’s already a 9_outside route which we don’t need. Click on it and then choose Delete Route 9_outside. Save your changes.

Inbound Routes. We’re also going to abbreviate the inbound routes tutorial just to get you going quickly today. The idea here is that you can have multiple DIDs (phone numbers) that get routed to different extensions or ring groups or departments. For today, we recommend you first build a Ring Group with all of the extension numbers you have created. Once you’ve done that, choose Inbound Routes, leave all of the settings at their default values and move to the Set Destination section and choose your Ring Group as the destination. Now click Submit and save your changes. That will set up a default incoming route for your calls. As you add bells and whistles to your system, you can move the Default Route down the list of priorities so that it only catches calls that aren’t processed with other inbound routing rules.

General Settings. Last, but not least, we need to enter an email address for you so that you are notified when new FreePBX updates are released. Scroll to the bottom of the General Settings screen after selecting it from the left panel. Plug in your email address, click Submit, and save your changes. Done!

Tom King now has put together a detailed tutorial complete with screenshots to get you started with PBX in a Flash. If you are installation-challenged, have a look at the pretty pictures.

Adding Plain Old Phones. Before your new PBX will be of much use, you’re going to need something to make and receive calls, i.e. a telephone. For today, you’ve got several choices: a POTS phone, a softphone, or a SIP phone. Option #1 and the best home solution is to use a Plain Old Telephone or your favorite cordless phone set (with 8-10 extensions) if you purchase a little device (the size of a pack if cigs) known as a Sipura SPA-1001. It’s under $60. Be sure you specify that you want an unlocked device, meaning it doesn’t force you to use a particular service provider. Once you get it, plug the SPA-1001 into your LAN, and then plug your phone instrument into the SPA-1001. Your router will hand out a private IP address for the SPA-1001 to talk on your network. You’ll need the IP address of the SPA-1001 in order to configure it to work with Asterisk. After you connect the device to your network and a phone to the device, pick up the phone and dial ****. At the voice prompt, dial 110#. The Sipura will tell you its DHCP-assigned IP address. Write it down and then access the configuration utility by pointing your web browser to that IP address.

Once the configuration utility displays in your web browser, click Admin Login and then Advanced in the upper right corner of the web page. When the page reloads, click the Line1 tab. Scroll down the screen to the Proxy field in the Proxy and Registration section of the form. Type in the private IP address of your Asterisk system which you wrote down previously. Be sure the Register field is set to Yes and then move to the Subscriber Information section of the form. Assuming your extensions were set up starting with 201, do the following. Enter House Phone as the Display Name. Enter 201 as the User ID. Enter 1234 as the Password, and set Use Auth ID to No. Click the Submit All Changes button and wait for your Sipura to reset. In the Line 1 Status section of the Info tab, your device should show that it’s Registered. You’re done. Pick up the phone and dial 1234# to test it out.

Downloading a Free Softphone. Unless you already have an IP phone, the easiest way to get started and make sure everything is working is to install an IP softphone. You can download a softphone for Windows, Mac, or Linux from CounterPath. Or download the pulver.Communicator or the snom 360 Softphone which is a replica of perhaps the best IP phone on the planet. Here’s another great SIP/IAX softphone for all platforms that’s great, too, and it requires no installation: Zoiper 2.0 (formerly IDEfisk). All are free! Just install and then configure with the IP address of your PBX in a Flash server. For username and password, use one of the extension numbers and passwords which you set up with freePBX. Once you make a few test calls, don’t waste any more time. Buy a decent SIP telephone. We think the best value in the marketplace with excellent build quality and feature set (but probably not the best sound quality) is the $79 GrandStream GXP-2000. It has support for four lines, speaks CallerID numbers, has a lighted display, and can be configured for autoanswer with a great speakerphone. Some other great choices are the Aastra 9133i and the Siemans Cordless Dect phone. Do some reading before you buy. The Voxilla forums are a good place to start.

A Word About Ports. For the techies out there that want "the rest of the story" to properly configure firewalls, here’s a list of the ports available and used by PBX in a Flash:

TCP 80 - HTTP
TCP 9080 - Duplicate HTTP
TCP 22 - SSH
TCP 9022 - Duplicate SSH
TCP 9001 - WebMin
UDP 10000-20000 - RTP
UDP 5004-5082 - SIP
UDP 4569 - IAX2
UDP 2727 - Media Gateway

A2Billing Installation. Our first example of how we plan to build up PBX in a Flash systems is the installation script for A2Billing. If you want A2Billing installed on your system, then log in as root and type install-a2billing. If you don’t want A2Billing, then you don’t download or run the script. When you return to the main web page for your server after installing A2Billing, you will have two new links for A2Billing customers and A2Billing admin. You will have to install the callback funtionality manually from the docs supplied in the install. A2Billing was created by Areski, who some of you may know was responsible for Web MeetMe, ConfigEdit, and the CDR reports included with FreePBX. A2Billing is sufficiently comprehensive that it warrants an article on its own, so we will save that for another day. Some of the projects we will be looking into are how to pass calls from FreePBX to A2Billing for least-cost routing, departmental billing services, building a calling card server, and a VoIP termination platform. Then you can change your name to Ma Bell and start selling minutes to all the people for whom you have installed PBX-in-a-Flash. If you can’t wait, visit asterisk2billing.org.

Where To Go From Here. Our new script repository is now up and running at pbxinaflash.org. Tom King, the ultimate scripting guru is managing that site. So check it often. And now that PBX in a Flash 1.1 is out the door, we’ve been chomping at the bit to get all of our Nerd Vittles Goodies ported over. If you want to try them for yourself, seven are ready today at this link, and each installs in under 15 seconds: AsteriDex, Yahoo News Headlines, Weather by Airport Code, Weather by Zip Code, Worldwide Weather Forecasts, Telephone Reminders, and MailCall for Asterisk. Complete documentation for each application also is provided at the link above. And, if you still have a DBT-120 Bluetooth adapter, you’ll be happy to learn that it works out-of-the-box with PBX in a Flash on your new Everex Green PC. Dust off our recent article on Proximity Detection, and you should be in business in under 10 minutes.

For Those on the Bleeding Edge. Well, you heard it here first. As you may know, the new Asterisk 1.6 beta was released late last week on the heels of the FreePBX 2.4 beta which has been reworked to support it. Do you need to pull your hair out for days or wait months for a turnkey build? Well, no. You can download the new PBX in a Flash 1.6 Install Script today. Just don’t expect any tech support or assistance from the PBX in a Flash development team. Your dialogue on this project needs to be directly with the Asterisk 1.6 development team. What we are providing is a turnkey solution for those that are eager to experiment. Enjoy!


FreePBX Training Almost Sold Out! We’re excited about the upcoming FreePBX Training Seminar, and today we want to remind the foot-draggers that you’ve almost missed the boat. And, yes, in addition to some fantastic training and the fine cuisine of Charleston, you’re going to be treated to some once-in-a-lifetime hardware deals on the very finest Asterisk-compatible hardware cards and servers for your business. So sign up today and join the fun. This will be the hands-down very best Asterisk and FreePBX training course that money can buy.

This is a DON’T MISS opportunity to learn everything you ever wanted to know about FreePBX, Asterisk, and Linux. The course will cover IVRs, ACDs, IRQs, E911, and the rest of the alphabet as well as routing, trunking, dialplan integration, remote office configuration, echo cancellation, TDM hardware, gateways, IP phones. It’s a very full, three-day course with a half day devoted to branding and selling Asterisk systems. The seminar is being held at one of Charleston’s premier hotels, the Embassy Suites Historic Charleston, with gorgeous suites, swimming pool and exercise room, free WiFi, free breakfasts, and free cocktails every evening. There also will be evening sessions to sit down one-on-one with the FreePBX and PBX in a Flash developers with ample assistance from the quintessential Asterisk development tools: beer and whiskey!


Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…

100 Great Halftime Projects For You & Your Asterisk IP PBX

Our Hero Over the past twelve months, we’ve covered lots of territory in building an Asterisk® PBX for home or small office use. While most of our projects have relied upon Asterisk@Home or TrixBox, many are easily accomplished using any Asterisk system running the Asterisk Management Portal (AMP) or freePBX. Today we offer our latest catalog of what’s available on the Nerd Vittles site and some great links to other Asterisk resources on the web. We’ll keep the list updated as we add new articles down the road so bookmark this new spot and check back from time to time. You can also follow our progress with a news reader. Both RSS2 and Atom feeds are available for Nerd Vittles. You’ll also find our feeds on Planet Asterisk and Planet Gadget. We try to bite off projects which can be accomplished in about 30 minutes. Your mileage may vary depending upon how many bells and whistles you choose to add to the basic project. If you have a pet project we haven’t covered, drop us a line or post a comment. Yes, we actually read ’em. Some articles include more than one project. Installing a basic TrixBox system can be completed in less than an hour. Taking into consideration that such an installation includes the full Linux operating system and complete Asterisk application plus the Apache web server, the SendMail and Asterisk mail servers, the PHP and phpMyAdmin applications, the MySQL data base management system, the SugarCRM contact management system, and the Asterisk Management Portal or freePBX, the feat is nothing short of amazing! And, if Linux isn’t your strong suit, not to worry! Check out the VMware edition of Asterisk@Home which self-installs as a Windows application on your Windows XP desktop in about 30 minutes.

With the exception of choosing a VoIP provider and telephones, all of these projects have at least one thing in common. None of them will cost you a dime. We do encourage you to support the development efforts of those that have made all of this possible by contributing even a dollar or two to the cause to help defray the costs of hardware to test all of this stuff, but that of course is left completely up to you.

Nerd Vittles User Map. Take a minute while you’re here and add yourself to our Frappr World Map compliments of Google. In making your entry, you can choose an icon: guy, gal, nerd, or geek. For those that don’t know the difference in the first two, you’re on your own. As for the last two, here’s the best definition we’ve found: "a nerd is very similar to a geek, but with more RAM and a faster modem." Our map will be a month old tomorrow and now is fairly representative of where our visitors are coming from… all 5,000 to 10,000 of you every day! If you have a favorite BBQ joint on the planet, add it to the map, too. We try to personally evaluate all BBQ recommendations! Thanks for visiting. — Ward Mundy



  • Installing a Free PBX in a Flash Server
  • Introducing PBX in a Flash: The Lean, Mean Asterisk Machine (Available Now!)

    Some Asterisk Stocking Stuffers from Santa

    Introducing Phone Genie 2.0 for Asterisk

    Introducing U-Rang II: Windows Desktop Screenpop Utility for Asterisk

    Click2Dial for Every (Asterisk)Man and Woman

    Great PBX in a Flash Setup Guide With Big Pictures

  • Installing the Free Asterisk@Home PBX
  • Introducing Asterisk@Home 2.8 and freePBX

    Asterisk@Home 2.7 Soup to Nuts Installation and Update Guide

    Installing the VMware-edition of Asterisk@Home 2.5 on a Windows PC

    The Big Picture: Chapter I, II, III, IV, and V

    Basic IP Configuration for Asterisk

    Using AMP to Configure Asterisk@Home

    Configuring Outbound Trunks for Asterisk@Home (or choose your VoIP provider below)

    Creating Asterisk@Home Extensions

    Configuring Asterisk@Home for Outgoing Calls

    Mastering Outbound Call Routing and Dial Plans with Asterisk@Home

    Configuring Asterisk@Home for Incoming Calls

    Configuring Ring Groups to Simultaneously Ring Multiple Phones

    Using Asterisk Call Queues to Manage Incoming Calls

    Email Forwarding of Voice Mail

    Setting Default Call Time

    Troubleshooting Asterisk@Home Systems

    Making System Backups with Asterisk@Home

    Backups and Redundancy with Asterisk

    Deploying Voice Over Wi-Fi with Asterisk

    Adding HTTPS Support (Secure HTTP) to Asterisk@Home

  • Customizing Asterisk@Home
  • Adding Music on Hold

    Using Streaming Audio for Music on Hold

    Adding a Custom Calling Directory

    Adding Extensions to Call Friends by Name

    Creating Voice Mail Addresses for the Internet

    Managing Incoming Calls with a Custom Dial Plan

    Advanced Dial Plan Tips and Tricks

    Adding Automatic Callbacks to the Asterisk Voice Mail System

    Adding Customized Recordings to Your Asterisk@Home System

    Turning On the Feature Codes With Asterisk@Home

    Setting Up An Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) System with Asterisk

    Introduction to AutoAttendants and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Systems

    Introducing the CallerID Trifecta for TrixBox 1.2.3 and freePBX 2.2.0

    Handling Callers Without CallerID and Other ‘Special’ Callers

    Managing Outbound Caller ID with Asterisk

    Implementing Prefix Dialing in Asterisk@Home Dialplans

    Getting Remote Dialtone with Asterisk@Home — 3 Great Solutions!

    Integrating Mobile Phones and Cellphones Into Your Asterisk Dialplan

    How To Make Unlimited Cellphone Calls for $5 Using Your Asterisk Dialplan

    Upgrading the Asterisk Management Portal to freePBX with Asterisk@Home

  • Asterisk Server Hardware
  • Platform Recommendations and Costs

    The Perfect Asterisk Server: Ice Cube HU 61 (about $500) … But Any Old Clunker Will Do!

    The CompUSA Special (under $400)

    The MicroCenter Special ($249)

    The Outpost.com Special (under $300)

    The Wal-Mart Special ($219.84 or cheaper … see inset above)

  • Additional Asterisk Hardware and Software
  • Configuring the Sipura SPA-3000 for Asterisk

    Telephone Instruments

    Wireless Phone Sets

    Best Remote Phone Solution for Asterisk: The IAXy Version 2

    Configuring the Xlite Softphone for Asterisk@Home

  • VoIP Provider Reviews and Configuration Tips for Asterisk@Home
  • Configuring AxVoice for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring BroadVoice for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring DialPad for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring FreeDigits for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring FWD for Free Outbound Toll-Free Calls with Asterisk@Home

    Configuring GoIAX for Free Outbound Toll-Free Calls with Asterisk@Home

    Configuring IPkall for Free Incoming Calls with Asterisk@Home

    Configuring StanaPhone for Free Incoming Calls with Asterisk@Home

    Configuring TelaSIP for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring VoipDiscount.com for Asterisk@Home

    Configuring Voxee for Asterisk@Home

    Other VoIP Providers for Asterisk@Home

  • Securing Asterisk
  • Basic Asterisk Security

    Securing Your Asterisk@Home System … a Must Read!

  • Additional Asterisk Applications
  • AMP’s Digital Receptionist

    AsteriDex II: Free Web-Based RoboDialer for Asterisk

    AsteriDex III: Free Web-Based RoboDialer for TrixBox

    U-Rang II: Windows Desktop Screenpop Utility for Asterisk

    The Stealth AutoAttendant

    Blacklisting: Keeping Telemarketers At Bay

    Get Your Email By Telephone: Introducing MailCall for Asterisk

    Get Your News By Telephone: Introducing NewsClips for Asterisk

    Introducing the CallerID Trifecta for TrixBox 1.2.3 and freePBX 2.2.0

    3 Perl Ditties to Automatically Restore Names to Inbound Caller ID

    Managing Outbound Caller ID with Asterisk

    One Ringy-Dingy (No Cost Dialup DISA-on-Demand)

    Phone Home (Web-Activated DISA)

    Email Forwarding of Voice Mail

    Faxing with Asterisk

    Flite Voice Synthesis System

    The Idolizer: Speed Dialer for American Idol® Addicts

    Scheduling Wakeup Calls

    Customized Weather Reports

    Weather Forecasts Using Airport Codes, Part I

    Weather Forecasts Using Airport Codes, Part II

    TeleYapper: Asterisk Message Broadcasting System for AAH 1.5 and AAH 2.2

    TeleYapper 3.0: Asterisk Message Broadcasting System for AAH 2.5 and later (we hope)

    Follow-Me Phoning: Bluetooth Proximity Detection with Asterisk, Part I

    Follow-Me Phoning: Bluetooth Proximity Detection with Asterisk, Part II

    Follow-Me Phoning: Bluetooth Proximity Detection with Asterisk, Part III

    Follow-Me Cruising: Bluetooth Proximity Detection with a TomTom GPS

    Follow-Me Phoning: Bluetooth Proximity Detection with an iPhone

    Follow-Me Phoning: Implementing Bluetooth Proximity Detection on a Single Asterisk Server

    Telephone Reminder System for Asterisk

    Telephone Reminder System 3.0 for AAH 2.5 and later

  • Where To Turn When You Need Some HELP!
  • TrixBox Forums

    Whirlpool Forums

    Voxilla Forums

    Asterisk@Home Forums

    Digium®’s Asterisk Forums

    Asterisk@Home Handbook Wiki

    Asterisk Listserv Archives

    Asterisk IRC Logs

    Asterisk Guru Tutorials

    Asterisk VoIP News

    VoIP Now: Voice Over IP News

    VOIPSpeak Forums

    VoIPuser Forums

    DSL/BroadBand Reports

    Jeff Pulver Blog

    GigaOM

    O’Reilly Emerging Telephony

    Binary Revolution (just for phun)


    Free Samples. Everybody loves free samples. Not sure about a VoIP provider? Well, here’s your chance to take TelaSIP for a free test drive. Just call our Charleston number (shown in the inset) and wait for the fast busy to hang up. There’s no charge for the call because you’re never "connected." Within 15 seconds you’ll get a return call allowing you to make a FREE 10-minute phone call to almost anywhere in the U.S. All you have to do is key in the password you’re provided when you answer the return call. Keep in mind a few things. You have to call from a phone with CallerID so that the system knows where to call you back. Both legs of the call (to you and to the person you call) use GSM compression so you’re seeing TelaSIP at its most efficient but not necessarily with the best voice quality. You can set it differently on your own system if you like.


    Nerd Vittles Demo Hot Line. You now can take a number of Nerd Vittles projects for a test drive… by phone! The current demos include NewsClips for Asterisk (latest news headlines in dozens of categories), MailCall for Asterisk with password 1111 (retrieve your email by phone), and Nerd Vittles Weather Forecasts by U.S. Airport Code. Just call our Stanaphone number (shown in the left margin) and take any or all of them for a spin. The sound quality may not be perfect due to performance limitations of our ancient Intel 386 demo machine. But the price is right.

    Hosting Provider Special. Just an FYI that the Nerd Vittles hosting provider, BlueHost, has raised the bar again on hosting services. For $6.95 a month, you can host up to 6 domains with 30GB of disk storage and 750GB of monthly bandwidth. Free domain registration is included for as long as you have an account. That almost doubles last month’s deal, and it really doesn’t get any better than that. Their hosting services are flawless! We oughta know. We’ve tried the best of them. If you haven’t tried a web hosting provider, there’s never been a better time. Just use our link. You get a terrific hosting service, and we get a little lunch money.

    Headline News for the Busy Executive (you) and the Lazy Loafers (us). Get your Headline News the easy way: Planet Asterisk, Planet Gadget, Planet Mac, and Planet Daily. Quick read, no fluff.

    Got a PDA or Web-Enabled Smartphone? Check out our new PDAweather.org site and get the latest weather updates and forecasts from the National Weather Service perfectly formatted for quick download and display on your favorite web-enabled PDA, cellphone, or Internet Tablet. And, of course, it’s all FREE!

    Who Is This Guy? Ward Mundy, the author of this Asterisk article series, is a retired attorney who spent more than 30 years providing legal and technology assistance to the federal courts in the United States.


    Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…

    Some Asterisk Resolutions for the New Year

    We made some New Year’s Resolutions for 2008… just as we do every year. There are the usual ones: lose weight, exercise, more quality time with the family. But you make all of those, too. This year, there are some changes in the Asterisk® landscape we’d like to see: more community participation, better training opportunities, an end to deprecating commands, and a push into major corporate and government organizations.

    The Asterisk Business Model. As we count down the days to the Nerd Vittles third year birthday bash, we’ve got to say that we’ve learned a lot these past few years. The amazing part of Asterisk is really that it has survived at all. Until recently, Digium® derived almost all of its revenue off hardware sales. Fonality makes its money off hosted Asterisk solutions. Hardware vendors seem to be doing just fine as are small systems integrators. But the folks that provide the software products that make Asterisk fly are basically starving to death. The open source model has been used as a convenient way for a handful of companies to essentially profit off someone else’s work, and I’m not talking about Digium that has done much more than its fair share to contribute open source software in exchange for hardware dollars that it has earned. And this isn’t a plea for money. I retired from a cushy government job with a cushy retirement plan so starvation isn’t all that likely in my case. But, to give you an example, our recent fund-raising campaign to raise money for a dedicated server to host our forums raised a whopping $80. To those that contributed, thank you! But we have a weekly readership of roughly 50,000 people, most of whom presumably depend upon Asterisk systems every day. We’re as cheap as the next guy, but come on folks. Would $10 really change your life style that much? And we’ve heard much the same story from the FreePBX developers. So… Resolution #1 for each of you should go something like this. Find a way that you can give something back to the Asterisk community in 2008. It doesn’t have to be money! Develop an application, develop some documentation, come up with some new ideas and share them with the rest of us. But do something for somebody else without expecting something (else) for free.

    The Open Source Alternative. Absent some radical shift in contributions and participation which most of us don’t expect to see, our prediction for 2008 is that the days of the open source gravy train are numbered, at least for turnkey telephony systems. Keep in mind that these are systems that most organizations used to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars to purchase and maintain. The alternative that appears to be gaining steam is to gobble up all the free software you can find and then embellish it with proprietary bells and whistles that are not made available without a charge for either the embellished product or a support contract of some type. This is a real dilemma for developers like the FreePBX and PBX in a Flash teams. As we provide more and more functionality as open source software, the "takers" gobble up the goodies, make another sale, and return almost nothing. What’s wrong with this picture? Everything!

    Our Resolution #1 is to push for a review of the licensing model. We have no objection to individuals downloading and using all of our code for free forever! However, for those that profit off reselling someone else’s work product, there needs to be some type of contribution into the open source projects that comprise the bundle which is being sold by non-contributors for a handsome profit. And, no, we’re not talking about system integrators who merely charge for their time. For the most part, we’re talking about corporations that sell rebranded, open source solutions for profit. Perhaps a 5-extension license could be offered at no cost with additional extensions being sold for some fee. Another approach might be to license endpoint and/or trunk connections with vendors paying some connection fee to help defray software development costs. Nortel and others used this model for decades. These approaches, of course, also raise questions about how to divide the income between all of the open source contributors. Not sure we know the answers yet, but we’d be interested in getting your feedback and suggestions. It’s in everyone’s best interests to keep the entire Asterisk development community moving forward… and eating.

    Vertical Market Penetration. Still another solution, which we happen to favor, is to license add-in code for turnkey Asterisk systems which meets the needs of specific vertical markets. For example, the hotel/motel industry could benefit immeasurably from a move to VoIP telephony. The Marriott’s, Hyatt’s, and Hilton’s of the world already have learned this. But that leaves tens of thousands of smaller hotels and motels that still are using primitive telephony systems. All it would take to make a system like PBX in a Flash a player in this market would be wakeup calls (which Nerd Vittles will provide with Telephone Reminders for Asterisk 1.4 shortly) and a method of recording from room telephones when rooms are vacant, being cleaned, ready for occupancy, or occupied. Asterisk voicemail options already run circles around the features available in most hotels. All that is missing is a way to clear voicemails when someone checks out of the hotel. And A2Billing provides hotels with an instant profit center for outbound calls worldwide. Our purpose today wasn’t to design and build a vertical market solution, but you get the idea. This wouldn’t be rocket science.

    Another market which is ripe for Asterisk penetration is the medical community. Ever wondered why a full-time employee in every doctor’s and dentist’s office has to call and remind every patient of their next appointment. TeleYapper and a carefully tailored IVR would provide physicians with a far better telephony solution at considerably less cost. Tying the system into an appointments database would be icing on the cake and easy to implement since MySQL already is running on systems such as PBX in a Flash. Then there are retail stores, restaurants, department stores, WalMart’s, marinas, time shares, rental apartments, call centers, and on, and on. None of these organizations have complex telephony needs that couldn’t be met by a system like PBX in a Flash out of the box. And, with modest customization, any data processing needs could probably be met using the same system. Last but not least is the government: federal, state, and local. Do you have any idea how many separate, crappy phone systems already are in place in government offices? Many of them were installed at a cost of several thousand dollars per user. Counted up the number of government employees lately? So here’s an approach. Find a typical government organization and build them a phone system for free, except for hardware. Then get the mayor or the governor to sing its praises at the dozens of meetings these people attend every year. The sad part of this story is that we have the technical talent in the Asterisk community to produce an extremely compelling product. What’s missing is management vision coupled with a well-trained sales force to get the message across to corporations and government organizations.

    Fixing the Asterisk Deal Breaker. Believe it or not, there is a serious shortcoming with Asterisk, and it has nothing to do with the feature set. It lies in the development mentality that there’s something okay about breaking application code by inventing new commands in the Asterisk Extension Language (AEL2) and deprecating (a.k.a. trashing) old ones every year or two. And now Manager 1.1 has been released in the Asterisk SVN trunk. Yikes! We’re scared to look. After the Microsoft fiasco with Visual Basic and VB .NET, one would have hoped we wouldn’t need to have this discussion.

    Suppose for a moment that a handful of key commands in the C programming language were changed. The Asterisk developers would be at the front of the line screaming foul when they had to review and rewrite all of their code. Hello!! It’s the same deal when the shoe is on the other foot. This shortcoming simply has to be addressed or vertical market penetration is never going to happen. Organizations buy phone systems expecting them to work reliably for a decade or more. They also invest heavily in building customized application code to support their particular vertical market. DialPlan Functions in AEL2 dealing with timeouts, CallerID, and Asterisk Database Calls all fail if you use the Asterisk 1.2 syntax. These command language changes between Asterisk 1.2 and Asterisk 1.4 broke virtually every application ever produced for Asterisk. Furthermore, the time between versions 1.2 and 1.4 was barely a year. If you want to waste a day, try finding even a list which cross-references old Asterisk 1.2 dialplan commands to their new Asterisk 1.4 counterparts. About the best you can find is a summary of the new commands under section 6.1 here and the mishmash of old and new commands which are summarized at voip-info.org. Neither of these sites has any affiliation with asterisk.org where one would have hoped to find some information. If we’ve missed something, no doubt some fanboy will set us all straight. But, just to be clear, we’re looking for a specific link rather than an RTFM suggestion.

    To put it in dollars and cents, organizations simply cannot afford to redesign and rewrite all of their application code every couple of years when someone dreams up new verbs or new ways to use parentheses, brackets, and braces. The fact that Asterisk may be free is pretty much irrelevant once the cost of rewriting all your application code is factored in. So… our plea to the core Asterisk developers is STOP DEPRECATING COMMAND SYNTAX, or you’re going to kill vertical market penetration of the product. It takes at most a few lines of code to support the 1.2 syntax of DigitTimeout(7) as well as the 1.4 syntax of Set(TIMEOUT(digit)=7). There are certainly good reasons for adding new commands to a programming language particularly to support new functionality. But why would you break every application that’s ever been written? Surely it’s not to conserve disk space or RAM in this day and age. You’re writing code for the business community, and that needs to be taken into account if Asterisk is ever going to achieve market penetration in the government and in corporate America… not to mention everywhere else! In case you couldn’t tell, if we have one pet peeve in life, it’s having to debug our own code that functioned perfectly because somebody got a bee in his bonnet to "improve" programming language syntax. <end of rant>

    There’s Some Good News, Too! Well, enough of the doom and gloom. We have some terrific news to ring in the New Year as well. As most readers of this column know, FreePBX provides the pretty face for Asterisk as well as all of the smarts to get the most out of your Asterisk PBX without having to learn anything about programming. Well, so you thought! Actually, there’s an incredible number of additional things you can do with Asterisk and FreePBX once you master the FreePBX way of doing things. The problem has been that, up until now, there hasn’t been a way to get individualized training on FreePBX. Well, your prayers have been answered. The FreePBX whiz kids have put together an incredible training session, and Nerd Vittles hometown will be the host site! The FreePBX Open Telephony Training Seminar will be held in Historic Charleston, South Carolina beginning February 27 through February 29, 2008.

    This is a DON’T MISS opportunity to learn everything you ever wanted to know about FreePBX, Asterisk, and Linux. The course will cover IVRs, ACDs, IRQs, E911, and the rest of the alphabet as well as routing, trunking, dialplan integration, remote office configuration, echo cancellation, TDM hardware, gateways, IP phones. It’s a very full, three-day course with a half day devoted to branding and selling Asterisk systems. The seminar is being held at one of Charleston’s premier hotels, the Embassy Suites Historic Charleston, with gorgeous suites, swimming pool and exercise room, free WiFi, free breakfasts, and free cocktails every evening. There also will be evening sessions to sit down one-on-one with the FreePBX and PBX in a Flash developers with ample assistance from the quintessential Asterisk development tools: beer and whiskey!

    For those unfamiliar with Charleston, just think of it as the best of New Orleans and San Diego all rolled into one terrific Southern city known for its hospitality. By all means, bring your spouse or significant other. Charleston recently won the Reader’s Choice award as the Best Southern City. See the January 2008 issue of Southern Living magazine which is on newstands now. And, if you like New Orleans restaurants, you’ll love Charleston dining! Here’s a big hint: register early if you want to attend. Seating is limited, and the hotel will probably be full except for the rooms already blocked for this seminar. Some of your favorite vendors also will be in attendance, but we’ll save some of those surprises for the coming weeks. If you haven’t yet met Philippe Lindheimer, the lead developer of FreePBX, suffice it to say you are in for quite a treat. We also hope to have the entire PBX in a Flash development team in attendance to address your every need. So, make this New Year’s Resolution: Don’t Procrastinate or you may miss this golden opportunity. Rumor has it that, if you sign up at this link very quickly, you’ll save $600 on the registration fee! And, no, we don’t make a nickel if you attend, but if you tell ’em Uncle Ward sent you, then expect to receive a free drink at Happy Hour just like all of the other Embassy Suites’ guests. Seriously, we’re looking forward to meeting all of you. So come join us and… Happy New Year!


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