Tag Archives: nas

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If a $45 addition to your Incredible PBX® 2020 setup on the Raspberry Pi 4 isn’t too rich for your blood, then today’s your lucky day. When we’re finished, you’ll have a perfect SOHO communications platform that boots from a 256GB drive to provide long-term reliability without having to worry about replacing worn-out microSD cards. You’ll also have ample room to implement a Network Attached Storage (NAS) solution to store music or documents. With Wi-Fi in your home or office, you then can tuck the RasPi away in an out of sight drawer.

Once your order arrives and you have assembled the components as shown above, you’re ready to begin. The prerequisite for this project is an Incredible PBX® 2020 platform running on a Raspberry Pi 4. Begin by logging into Incredible PBX as root using SSH or Putty. Do NOT insert the SSD drive just yet. Issue the following commands:

apt update
apt full-upgrade -y
echo program_usb_boot_mode=1 | sudo tee -a /boot/config.txt
apt install rpi-eeprom -y
sed -i 's|critical|stable|' /etc/default/rpi-eeprom-update
rpi-eeprom-update -d -f \
/lib/firmware/raspberrypi/bootloader/stable/pieeprom-2020-09-03.bin
reboot

 
After Incredible PBX reboots, log back in as root using SSH or Putty. For best performance, insert the SSD drive into one of the blue USB 3.0 ports and verify that /dev/sda device is shown when you issue the command: fdisk -l

Now proceed with the following steps to copy the image from your microSD card to the new SSD SATA drive:

rpi-clone -l -e sda -f sda
# answer prompts with yes and incred2020
# once the image is copied, dismount the drive when prompted
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/clone
cd /mnt/clone/boot
cp -p -r /boot/* .
sed -i 's|sda2|mmcblk0p2|' /boot/cmdline.txt
cd /
umount /mnt/clone
halt

 
Now you’re ready to restart your Raspberry Pi from the SSD SATA drive. Remove the microSD card and reboot your server. Our special thanks to @ext-104 for all of his work on this.

While reliability and performance were the primary motivators in adding an SSD SATA drive to the Raspberry Pi platform, there’s also a silver lining. You now have loads of storage capacity that can be shared within your home or office for dozens of uses including a music collection to power your Sonos audio system or a data repository to share with other users on your private network. Here’s how to transform your Raspberry Pi into a network storage device which can be accessed from virtually any device including Windows machines, Macs, Linux servers, smartphones, and music players.

CAUTION: Heat is no friend of solid state electronics. If you choose to deploy NAS on your Raspberry Pi 4, do not proceed until you get a case for your device that includes one or more fans. Click on the one pictured at the top of this article for the hands-down winner.

We don’t typically add additional user accounts on your Raspberry Pi, but we don’t want users sharing your NAS drive to have access to your communications platform so an additional user account is an easy way to accomplish that. Begin by creating a new nas user account with no login access: useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin nas

Next, we want to create a /nas directory to store your NAS data: mkdir /nas

Add the SAMBA components for net connectivity: apt install samba samba-common-bin

Choose YES when prompted for WINS connectivity. Set permissions: chmod -R 777 /nas

Add the following to the bottom of /etc/samba/smb.conf:

 [nas]
 path=/nas             
 writeable=yes
 create mask=0777
 directory mask=0777
 public=yes
 read only=no
 guest ok=no

 
Restart SAMBA, activate SAMBA on boot, and create SAMBA credentials for nas user:

systemctl restart smbd
systemctl enable smbd
smbpasswd -a nas

 
Login to your NAS drive using your nas user credentials: smb://raspi-IP-address/nas

Your NAS drive now functions much like any other network drive on your LAN. Access to your NAS device from Windows or a Mac is simple using the native file managers. For smartphone access, you’ll need a file manager that supports SMB connections. We recommend Total Commander on the Android platform. On iPhones, follow this tutorial. For CentOS platforms, what you want is a process that mounts the NAS device as a directory on your server. You then can interact with the NAS device in the same way you interact with any other Linux directory.

apt install cifs-utils
mkdir /nas
chown nas:nas /nas
# you'll be prompted for your nas password after entering next command
mount -t cifs -o username=nas,sec=ntlmssp \
//RasPi-OpenVPN-IP-Address/nas /nas
ls /nas
# here's how to gracefully unmount your NAS drive
umount -t cifs /nas

UPDATE FOR SONOS COMPATIBILITY: If you plan to use your NAS drive to store music for playback with a Sonos device, add this in the [global] section of /etc/samba/smb.conf to support Sonos V1 SMB authentication: ntlm auth=yes. Your link to your NAS device should look like this assuming you have a music folder: \\ip-address\nas\music. Then enter your IP address and nas user credentials as above in Settings -> System -> Music Library. Don’t forget to update your Music Index once you have configured your NAS Music Library.

Originally published: Monday, November 2, 2020

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