The Most Versatile VoIP Provider: FREE PORTING
JUST RELEASED: Visit the Incredible PBX WikiOracle Cloud: Grab a Free Incredible PBX Cloud Server for Life
It’s not every day that you get an opportunity to deploy an Incredible PBX® server on a cloud platform as robust as the one offered by Oracle®. And the fact that it won’t cost you a dime EVER makes this all the more appealing. This isn’t some bargain basement, crippled cloud platform with barely enough horsepower to get your server booted. Quite the contrary. This is an ARM-based Ubuntu 20.04 platform with 6GB of RAM, 45+ GB of storage, and a 1GB network pipe. The CPU capacity is equivalent to multiple physical cores of an Intel Xeon processor with hyper threading enabled. The word you’re looking for is WOW! Our further testing suggests that, by deploying 1 OCPU instances, you can actually create 4 separate servers in your free allocation from Oracle. So let’s jump right in and get your new server up and running.
Getting Started with Oracle Cloud
For openers, you’ll need to set yourself up with a free Oracle Cloud account here. You can read all about Oracle’s Free Tier, and today we’ll be setting up an Always Free Ampere A1 Compute Resource which never expires. It provides 3,000 OCPU hours and 18,000 GB hours per month for free for VM instances using the VM.Standard.A1.Flex shape. For Always Free tenancies, this is equivalent to 4 OCPUs and 24 GB of memory. Translation: You can build an Asterisk® server to handle thousands of users with this platform. In fact, you can now build FOUR of them.
Once you’ve set up your account and accessed the Oracle Cloud Dashboard, click on the 3-bar Options Menu in the upper left column. You’ll be using two key options in the menus: Compute -> Instances and Networking -> Virtual Cloud Networks. We recommend you click the PIN icon on both of these so that they become available on your Home dashboard.
To begin, navigate to Identity -> Compartments and create a new incrediblepbx compartment. Then navigate to Compute -> Instances and click the Create Instance button. Accept the default Name and choose incrediblepbx as your Compartment. In the Image and shape section, click Edit. In the Image and Shape dialog, click the Change Image button and choose the Canonical Ubuntu 20.04 option. CAUTION: 22.04 is now the default so make sure you change it to 20.04 Image with the latest 20.04 Build Date! Next, click the Change Shape button and choose Virtual Machine, Ampere, check VM.Standard.A1.Flex) and select 1 OCPU with 6GB of RAM. In the Networking section, click Edit. Choose Public Subnet, Use network security groups to control traffic: No, Assign a public IPv4 address: Yes, and DNS record: Yes. Finally, in the Add SSH Keys section, leave the Generate a key pair for me option selected, and click Save Private Key then Save Public Key to download both keys to your desktop. Click Upload public key files (.pub) button and upload the Public Key you just downloaded into your instance. Finally, click the Create button to create your new instance. Once your instance is up and running, click on Public Subnet under Primary VNIC. In the Default Security List option, add Ingress and Egress Rules with an entry for Stateless=No, Source=0.0.0.0/0, IP Protocol=ALL, Source & Destination Port Range=ALL. In addition, add Ingress rules for UDP 5060:5069 and UDP 10000:20000. While appearing to be redundant, the UDP rules reportedly have been necessary to make and receive calls successfully.
Now copy the public IP address of your server which, together with your private key, you’ll need to login. From a Terminal window on your desktop PC, login to your server using the following commands where ssh-key-2022-05-24.key is the filename of your private key and 159.201.201.173 is the public IP address of your instance:
chmod 0600 ssh-key-2022-05-24.key ssh -i ssh-key-2022-05-24.key ubuntu@159.201.201.173
Once you’re logged in, let’s configure the root account which you will need to install Incredible PBX. Begin by setting up a very secure password for root.
sudo passwd root su root cd ~ wget http://incrediblepbx.com/IncrediblePBX2021-Oracle.sh chmod +x IncrediblePBX2021-Oracle.sh ./IncrediblePBX2021-Oracle.sh
We think you will find the performance is second to none. Here are our 1-OCPU results which far exceed the performance specs you’ll find at Vultr, Digital Ocean, or OVH on their 1-2 GB RAM platforms.
This is not a trivial install procedure so go have a long cup of coffee and return in about 40 minutes to press the ENTER key to kick off the Automatic Update Utility. Once that begins, you’ll need to press ENTER again in about 5 minutes when the updates are completed. Then your install will continue for a couple minutes when you will be prompted to press ENTER to reboot. Do so and you’re all set.
Managing Incredible PBX in the Oracle Cloud
All of the usual Incredible PBX features are available in the Oracle Cloud release. After rebooting, you now can login to your server as root using your root password. Be sure to login periodically so that the Automatic Update Utility is run to keep your server secure.
ssh -i ssh-key-2022-xx-xx.key ubuntu@public-IP-address su root cd ~ ./update-IncrediblePBX
It’s also good practice to keep the FreePBX GPL modules up to date. Here’s how after logging in:
rm -f /tmp/* fwconsole ma upgradeall fwconsole reload fwconsole restart ./sig-fix ./sig-fix
And don’t forget to…
Set your admin password for FreePBX GUI access: ./admin-pw-change
Set your admin password for Apache app access: ./apache-pw-change
Set your proper timezone: ./timezone-setup
Configure SendMail relay host: ./enable-gmail-smarthost-for-sendmail
Whitelist your IP addresses for access: ./add-ip and ./add-fqdn
Make a Backup and copy it off-site: ./incrediblebackup2021
Using Text-to-Speech Apps in the Oracle Cloud
Because the Oracle platform is ARM-based and most of the text-to-speech (TTS) apps are not, finding a TTS solution that actually worked was a challenge. But thanks to a tip from Dick Ollett, we’ve found a reliable alternative to PicoTTS. gTTS was easy to deploy with our existing applications and has restored the functionality of the Weather by ZIP Code (947) and News Headlines (951) applications using Incredible PBX on the Oracle Cloud platform.
Activating IBM Text-to-Speech for Oracle Cloud
IBM’s TTS offering still works reliably and, if you sign up for their LITE Pricing Plan, the first 10,000 characters per month are free. To get started, follow along in our previous IBM tutorial to sign up for service and the LITE TTS Pricing Plan which you will find by clicking on the Catalog tab in the toolbar, then choosing AI/Machine Learning, and then Text to Speech. Choose the Lite plan and make note of your API Key and access URL for the region you selected.
Next, log into your server as root and issue the following commands:
cd /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin wget http://incrediblepbx.com/ibmtts.tar.gz tar zxvf ibmtts.tar.gz rm -f ibmtts.tar.gz ./install-ibmtts-dialplan.sh
Finally, edit /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin/ibmtts.php and insert your API Key and URL in the spaces provided. Then save the file.
Activating Amazon’s Polly TTS for Oracle Cloud
If you’d prefer to use Amazon’s Polly TTS, its pricing is incredibly reasonable, and the quality is second to none. For your first year of service, 5 million TTS characters a month are free. After that, the standard TTS cost is $4 per million characters per month prorated to actual usage. For example, with 300 TTS requests a month of 500 characters each, the monthly cost would be 60¢. We’ve previously documented the Polly TTS setup for Incredible PBX 2021 so you can follow that tutorial to deploy Polly TTS with Incredible PBX in the Oracle Cloud.
Using either service, you now should be able to obtain Weather Reports by ZIP Code by dialing 947 from any extension registered to your PBX. Get the latest News Headlines by dialing 951.
Deploying PicoTTS in the Oracle Cloud
Because Oracle Cloud runs on the ARM64 architecture, you’ll need the ARM64 version of PicoTTS:
cd /root rm -f libttspico* wget http://incrediblepbx.com/picotts-arm64.tar.gz tar zxvf picotts-arm64.tar.gz rm -f picotts-arm64.tar.gz dpkg -i libttspico*
Activating OpenVPN Virtual Private Network
The OpenVPN Client software comes preinstalled with Incredible PBX. In order to activate OpenVPN, you simply need to copy your OpenVPN credentials to the server as /etc/incrediblepbx2021.ovpn. Then reboot. Your OpenVPN IP address will be shown in pbxstatus. For an overview of the OpenVPN setup procedure, read our original OpenVPN article. Then follow the simple steps on the Incredible PBX Wiki for OpenVPN Server and OpenVPN Client installs.
NOTE: Because of Oracle’s security zone policies, connecting extensions to your PBX using the public IP address may result in no audio on calls with some SIP clients. By connecting using the OpenVPN private IP address solves the problem in some cases.
Getting Started with Incredible Fax 2021
Believe it or not, there still are lots of folks that use faxes in their everyday lives. If you’re one of them, Incredible PBX has your back. Begin by logging into your server as root and running ./incrediblefax2021-ubuntu20.04.sh to install HylaFax and AvantFax on your server. You’ll be prompted a dozen or more times for information. Answer no to the secure fax question. For the rest of the prompts, just press ENTER to accept the default entries. Rebooting your server is required when the install finishes. Once your server is back on line, there will be a new AvantFax tab in the GUI. Before proceeding, be sure to set an Apache web apps password by running /root/apache-pw-change. Next, login to AvantFax with your browser. You first will be prompted for your Apache credentials. Enter admin for the username and whatever password you set up in the previous step. Then you will be prompted for your AvantFax credentials. The default is admin:password. After you enter the username and password, you will be prompted to change your admin password. The AvantFax dashboard then will display. If nothing has come unglued, you should see four green Idle icons:
You can Send Faxes from within AvantFax by choosing the Send Fax tab, or you can use one of many HylaFax clients. Google is your friend.
Configuring Inbound Routes for Fax Detection
Not all VoIP trunks support fax transmission, e.g. Vitelity. Assuming yours do and you’ll only know by trial and error, here’s how to configure FreePBX to automatically detect incoming faxes and process them for PDF delivery by email. First, make certain the Fax Configuration Module is enabled in Module Admin. Then, for each Inbound Route on which you wish to receive faxes, you’ll need to enable fax detection on each route.
Under the Fax tab of each Inbound Route, enter the following settings:
Detect Faxes: YES Fax Detection Type: SIP Fax Ring: YES Fax Detect Time: 4 Fax Destination: Custom Destinations -> Fax (Hylafax)
To try things out, send yourself a fax at no cost in the U.S. from FaxZero.
Using the GraphQL API Tool with Incredible PBX
Begin by installing the required GraphQL components:
pip3 install --pre gql[all]
Next, open the FreePBX GUI and navigate to Connectivity -> API. Select the Scope Visualizer tab and check Read/Write for ALL GraphQL Modules. Then select the GraphQL Explorer tab and click Reload Explorer. In the GraphiQL dialog, enter the following and press the Start arrow to list all of your extensions:
query {
fetchAllExtensions {
status
message
totalCount
extension {
extensionId
}
}
}
For the complete tutorial on using GraphQL to list, edit, and populate virtually anything on your PBX, read this tutorial and review the Asterisk documentation for the GraphQL API.
Installing OPUS in the Oracle Cloud
Log into your server as root and issue the following commands:
rm /usr/lib64/asterisk/modules/codec_opus.so rm /usr/lib64/asterisk/modules/codec_opus_open_source.so rm /usr/lib64/asterisk/modules/res_format_attr_opus.so rm /usr/lib/asterisk/modules/codec_opus.so rm /usr/lib/asterisk/modules/format_ogg_opus*.so rm /usr/lib/asterisk/modules/res_format_attr_opus.so rm /usr/lib/asterisk/modules/codec_opus_open_source.so cd /usr/lib64/asterisk/modules wget http://incrediblepbx.com/opus-oracle.tar.gz tar zxvf opus-oracle.tar.gz rm opus-oracle.tar.gz fwconsole restart asterisk -rx "module show like opus" asterisk -rx "core show translation paths opus"
How Sausage Is Made AND Special Thanks
While our name is associated with this build, I want to give a special tip of the hat to the important contributions from Dick Ollett on the text-to-speech deployment, Bill Simon on the CDR/CEL implementation with ODBC, and @knerd for his GraphQL tips. AArch64 is a different beast, and we couldn’t have pulled this off without their assistance. If you’re ever curious how sausage is actually made in the open source development world, you can read all about it in this VoIP-Info.org Forum thread. THANK YOU! Should you ever need paid Asterisk consulting, these are our two go-to guys. You can find them on the forum, or you can contact us for a referral.
Originally published: Monday, May 30, 2022 Updated: Sunday, September 25, 2022
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
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Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
VoIP Messaging and The Golden Rule with Incredible PBX
If you want to continue to use SMS and MMS messaging on your VoIP platform, then today’s navigation guide is worth a careful read. Suffice it to say, this is what happens when the feds shirk their responsibilities and leave it to the foxes to guard the chicken coop.
The Golden Rule with all oligopolies is that he who has the gold makes the rules. And, make no mistake, there are stringent new rules for VoIP messaging. Not surprisingly, the FCC has jumped on the cellphone provider bandwagon. You can read all about the new FCC rules here. And the cellphone oligopoly has implemented additional requirements of its own that are enforced through a new organization called The Campaign Registry (TCR).
Any business that sends text messages to U.S. or Canadian mobile phone numbers is now required to register with TCR and obtain a 10-digit long code (10DLC) number. This number is used to identify the sender of each text message and to help the mobile carriers filter out spam (according to the carriers). To register with TCR, businesses must provide information about their company, including their legal name, EIN, and contact information. They must also submit a sample text message and identify the purpose for which they will be using SMS messaging.
What are TCR’s messaging guidelines?
- Obtaining permission from recipients before sending them text messages
- Clearly identifying the sender in each text message
- Providing a way for recipients to opt out of receiving future text messages
- Avoiding sending spam or unsolicited text messages
Carriers have imposed additional restrictions for certain types of messages so-called SHAFT content: sex, hate, alcohol, firearms, and tobacco (CBD is included). And, unlike email messages, SMS traffic cannot be encrypted so the providers can and do scan the contents of every message that hits their networks. If a business fails to comply with TCR’s requirements, the sender may face penalties including fines and suspension from sending text messages through the cellphone carriers.
You might wonder how these new rules came about. The short answer is that politicians flooded the cell providers’ networks with text messages during the last election cycle. And, of course, the politicians conveniently exempted themselves from all the spam rules including SMS messaging. So the new rules, while appearing admirable to the public, have little if anything to do with the root cause of the problem, the politicians.
CAUTION: What follows is NOT legal advice. It is simply our reading of available literature pertaining to TCR and VoIP.ms rules and regulations. Do NOT rely upon this interpretation of the rules in making decisions regarding SMS deployments. Do your own research. Better yet, consult an attorney.
Keep in mind that the current exception to TCR verification will probably disappear within the next several months. A word to the wise: Go ahead and get registered and verified unless you plan to use your cellphone exclusively for messaging or your usage is clearly non-business. The upfront costs are minimal. Here is an excellent summary of the various 10DLC registration categories.
Assuming your VoIP messages don’t include SHAFT content and otherwise comply with the guidelines above, there remains an exception for messaging without TCR verification… at least for now. The current limits on 10DLC SMS traffic without verification are as follows:
- Daily limit: 500 message segments
- Monthly limit: 5,000 message segments
- Per-recipient limit: 10 messages per day
A message segment is equal to 158 characters. So, a single text message can be composed of one or more segments, depending on its length.
There’s one additional gotcha. For traditional 10-digit numbers, only one SMS segment per second can be sent, and it cannot be increased. So be brief. For toll-free numbers, three SMS segments per second can be sent, and the restriction can be relaxed under certain circumstances. For short code messaging (initial cost is usually $1,500 or more per month to obtain a short code), 100 SMS message segments per second are permitted, and this limit can also be increased.
Now let’s return to our Navigation Guide for those that simply want to use VoIP messaging in the traditional ways that used to work, i.e. for a coach to schedule a little league practice or for you to tell your kid you’re going to be late picking them up from school.
Rule #1: If you have enabled SMS messaging on all of your VoIP phone numbers, do not use numbers on which you depend for critical input for outbound SMS traffic. The risk you run is that breaking one of the rules or limits above may get your number blacklisted from ALL future SMS message traffic.
Rule #2: Don’t break the daily, monthly, and per-recipient messaging limits EVER.
Rule #3: Don’t send SHAFT content over SMS even if you’re joking. Big Brother does not have a sense of humor.
Rule #4: Keep messages under 158 characters in length unless you’re using a toll-free number (158×3 message size limit).
Rule #5: Don’t send more than one message per second. For example, if you’re using a script to send a team notice of a little league practice, be sure to insert a one or two-second pause between each outbound message.
Rule #6: Only use a throw-away number to send outbound SMS messages. If the number gets blacklisted, discard the number.
The Safest VoIP Messaging Platform
As you might expect, the safest way to send and receive SMS messages is through a cellphone or something that looks like a cellphone to the carrier networks. Our review of the Cudy Router spotlights a device that fits the bill perfectly if you have an extra SIM card lying around. Using the web interface on this device, you can send and receive SMS messages using the SMS link on the System Status page because the SMS messages appear to originate from a device on the cell provider’s own network where there are limited restrictions.
Using VoIP.ms for SMS Messaging
Assuming you can comply with all of the restrictions above, here’s our recommendation for a VoIP provider that lets you continue sending messages at minimal cost. That provider is one of our old favorites, VoIP.ms. Using our signup link helps keep the Nerd Vittles lights on so thank you in advance.
So long as you have an SMS-enabled DID with VoIP.ms, SMS messaging costs $0.0075 per message with no additional fees. Below we’ll walk you through getting everything set up with Incredible PBX to take advantage of VoIP.ms SMS services.
Configuring VoIP.ms for SMS Messaging
As noted, you’ll need to order a DID from VoIP.ms that supports SMS. Then enable SMS messaging in the DID setup and specify either an email address or cellphone number for delivery of incoming SMS messages addressed to that DID. If you happen to have a Yealink T46G (not T48G) or a Grandstream GXV phone that is also registered to that extension, the messages will also pop up on your desktop phone with an alert tone if you also enable "Link the SMS received to this DID to a SIP Account" and register the phone to a PJsip extension with the additions which follow. On Grandstream GXV Android phones, we recommend dragging the SMS app to the main screen so that the incoming message count appears beside the SMS icon when new messages are received. If you’re a clever programmer, you also can retrieve incoming messages from the Asterisk log by searching for "Inbound SMS dialplan invoked." The message will be in the following From and Body lines. Or tail /var/log/asterisk/full will look something like this:
To support sending SMS messages, enable the SOAP and REST/JSON API in the VoIP.ms Main Menu, set a very secure API password, and whitelist the IP addresses of each server from which you wish to send SMS messages.
Configuring Incredible PBX to Send SMS Messages
1. Login to your Incredible PBX 2027 server as root and issue the following commands:
cd /root/sms-voip.ms rm -f /root/sms-voip.ms/* pip install python-dotenv wget http://incrediblepbx.com/sendsms-voipms.tar.gz tar zxvf sendsms-voipms.tar.gz rm sendsms-voipms.tar.gz nano -w sendsms
2. When the editor opens, scroll down and replace 8431234567 with your SMS-enabled DID
3. Replace yourname@gmail.com with your VoIP.ms login email address
4. Replace your-API-key with your VoIP.ms API password
5. Save the file: Ctrl-X, Y, then ENTER
6. Send an SMS test message to your cell phone using the following syntax:
/root/sms-voip.ms/sendsms 10-digit-SMS-recipient "Your SMS message"
Configuring Incredible PBX to Receive SMS Messages
To receive SMS messages through FreePBX® using a compatible SIP phone or through the Asterisk CLI, you first must use a PJsip trunk to connect to VoIP.ms. Sample General Settings for the trunk are shown below. In the Advanced tab, set Message Context to sms-in.
You also must create a PJsip extension or use the preconfigured 701 PJsip extension. In the Advanced tab, set Message Context to sms-out.
Finally, edit extensions_custom.conf in /etc/asterisk and add the following code to the bottom of the file:
[sms-out]
exten => _.,1,NoOp(Outbound Message dialplan invoked)
exten => _.,n,NoOp( TO: ${MESSAGE(to)})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(FROM: ${MESSAGE(from)})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(BODY: ${MESSAGE(body)})
;
; add your VoIPms info in the next 3 lines
exten => _.,n,Set(VOIPMS_ACCOUNT="123456_subacct")
exten => _.,n,Set(VOIPMS_POP="atlanta.voip.ms")
exten => _.,n,Set(VOIPMS_TRUNK="VoIPms-PJsip") ; actual VoIP.ms trunk in FreePBX
;
exten => _.,n,Set(NUMBER_TO=${CUT(CUT(MESSAGE(to),@,1),:,2)})
exten => _.,n,Set(EXTENSION_FROM=${CUT(CUT(MESSAGE(from),@,1),:,2)})
;
; Now map your sending extensions EXTENSION_FROM to corresponding DIDs NUMBER_FROM
exten => _.,n,Set(CASE_701=6005550101) ; ext 701 msgs originate from 6005550101
exten => _.,n,Set(CASE_702=6005550102) ; ext 702 msgs originate from 6005550102
exten => _.,n,Set(CASE_703=6005550101) ; ext 703 msgs originate from 6005550101
;
exten => _.,n,Set(NUMBER_FROM=${CASE_${EXTENSION_FROM}})
exten => _.,n,Set(ACTUAL_FROM="${NUMBER_FROM}" )
exten => _.,n,Set(ACTUAL_TO=pjsip:${VOIPMS_TRUNK}/sip:${NUMBER_TO}@${VOIPMS_POP})
exten => _.,n,MessageSend(${ACTUAL_TO},${ACTUAL_FROM})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(Send status is ${MESSAGE_SEND_STATUS})
exten => _.,n,Hangup()
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[sms-in]
exten => _.,1,NoOp(Inbound SMS dialplan invoked)
exten => _.,n,NoOp( TO: ${MESSAGE(to)})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(FROM: ${MESSAGE(from)})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(BODY: ${MESSAGE(body)})
;
; enter your default incoming SMS extension below
; if you want SMS messages delivered to multiple extensions,
; clone additional MessageSend lines below with extension numbers
exten => _.,n,Set(EXTENSION=701)
;
exten => _.,n,Set(ACTUAL_FROM=${MESSAGE(from)})
exten => _.,n,Set(HOST_TO=${CUT(MESSAGE(to),@,2)})
exten => _.,n,Set(NUMBER_TO=${MESSAGE_DATA(X-SMS-To)})
exten => _.,n,MessageSend(pjsip:${EXTENSION}@${HOST_TO},${ACTUAL_FROM})
exten => _.,n,NoOp(Send status is ${MESSAGE_SEND_STATUS})
exten => _.,n,Hangup()
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the pasted [sms-out] context, insert your actual VOIPMS_ACCOUNT, VOIPMS_POP, and VOIPMS_TRUNK name in the lines provided. Then map each extension from which you wish to send SMS messages to a VoIP.ms DID on your PBX in the lines provided. In the pasted [sms-in] context, enter the EXTENSION number which should receive incoming messages from the PJsip trunk in which you designated [sms-in] as the Message Context. There is no magic to the [sms-in] context name. If you have more than one PJsip trunk, simply create additional incoming contexts (such as [sms-in-2]) for each additional trunk and clone the [sms-in] code designating the desired extension to receive incoming messages from each DID. For the [sms-out] context, it can be used as the Message Context for multiple extensions that should be enabled to send outbound SMS messages.
Save the file, and reload the Asterisk dialplan: asterisk -rx "dialplan reload"
Introducing the FreePBX SMS Connector Module
Bill Simon recently released another messaging alternative with his SMS Connector Module for FreePBX. The beauty of his new approach is it lets you use Sangoma’s User Control Panel (UCP) to send and receive messages with Incredible PBX 2027. It also supports messaging on both Sangoma’s and ClearlyIP’s SIP phones including the Incredible PBX SIP phones. Here’s the setup process with Incredible PBX 2027 for non-business messaging using VoIP.ms.
At VoIP.ms…
1. Create a Subaccount and DID/Trunk
2. Enable SMS on the trunk and Link SMS Messages received on this Trunk to your SubAccount
3. Enable VoIP.ms API, create an API Password, and Whitelist the public IP address of your server
4. Copy your VoIP.ms email address and API Password for use on your server’s SMS setup
On Your Incredible PBX server…
1. Login to the FreePBX GUI as admin
2. Create a PJsip Trunk for VoIP.ms
3. In Advanced Settings, set Message Context to voipms-sms-in
4. In Admin -> User Management, create a password for extension 701
5. Add the following context to the end of /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf:
[voipms-sms-in]
exten => _.,1,NoOp(Inbound Voip.ms SMS dialplan invoked)
same => n,Set(TO=${MESSAGE_DATA(X-SMS-To)})
same => n,Set(FROM=${CUT(MESSAGE(from),\",2)})
same => n,Set(ENV(QUERY_STRING)=provider=voipms\;to=${TO}\;from=${FROM}\;message=${URIENCODE(${MESSAGE(body)})})
same => n,Set(ENV(REQUEST_METHOD)=GET)
same => n,System(php /var/www/html/smsconn/provider.php)
same => n,Set(ENV(QUERY_STRING)=)
same => n,Hangup()
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Reload your dialplan: rm /tmp/* ; fwconsole reload
Install and Configure SMS Connector Module…
1. Login to your server as root and issue the following commands:
fwconsole ma downloadinstall https://filedn.com/lBgbGypMOdDm8PWOoOiBR7j/SMSconnector/smsconnector-16.0.11.tar.gz fwconsole reload
2. In the FreePBX GUI, navigate to Connectivity -> SMS Connector
3. Click Provider Settings and enter your email address for Username and API Secret for VoIP.ms. Click Submit.
4. In SMS Connector menu, click Add Number and enter your DID and PJsip extension 701 to associate with it.
5. Enter VoIP.ms as Provider and click Save Changes.
Using User Control Panel (UCP)…
1. If you have not already done so, apply these UCP patches for Incredible PBX:
mysql -u root -ppassw0rd asterisk -e "update freepbx_settings set value = 'Latest-16' where keyword = 'MIRROR_BRAND_VERSION'; " mysql -u root -ppassw0rd asterisk -e "update admin set value = 'true' where variable = 'need_reload'; " rm -f /tmp/* fwconsole reload fwconsole ma downloadinstall ucp rm -f /tmp/* fwconsole reload
2. Open UCP from FreePBX GUI
3. Login as 701 with your new password
4. Click + in Upper Left of display and add SMS Module for 701.
5. When SMS Module appears on UCP console, click Start Conversation
6. Send a test message to your cellphone
7. Reply to the SMS message from your cellphone
8. Reply should appear in UCP within 20-30 seconds
Let’s close today with a final cautionary note. The Bell Sisters define non-business usage as conversational messaging much like what most already do using their cellphones. If you push the envelope, you risk $100 fines for every message sent. Unless you are a lawyer or have deep pockets to hire one and fight The Oligopoly, you are well advised to obtain a 10DLC number and avoid any potential issues going forward.
Originally published: Monday, November 6, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Incredible ChatGPT: Artificial Intelligence For Your Phone
Unless you’ve been sleeping under a rock, you already know that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform every aspect of our lives. The reasons are fairly obvious. AI can process and analyze massive amounts of data in seconds that humans could spend months and years collecting. AI is being used to develop new drugs and treatments, diagnose diseases, and provide personalized care to patients. It’s being used to develop self-driving cars and trucks, optimize traffic flows, and improve public transportation. It can be used in manufacturing to automate tasks, improve quality control, and reduce costs. And AI can be used in the financial world to detect fraud, assess risk, and make investment decisions. Because of AI’s encyclopedic prowess, it can also write a mean term paper with human-like prose. That’s the good news. The bad news is that not everything AI regurgitates is accurate so be extremely careful relying upon AI exclusively to make decisions. See if you can spot the problem in this ChatGPT response:
ChatGPT is a large language model chatbot developed by OpenAI, a company backed by Microsoft®. Within two months after launch, ChatGPT had over 100 million subscribers. It is trained on a massive dataset of text and code and is able to generate human-like text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way. The knowledge cutoff date for the gpt-3.5-turbo version of ChatGPT is September 2021. For users of Incredible PBX, today we’re pleased to bring that ChatGPT model to a telephone near you.
To get started, you’ll need three components. First, you’ll need an Incredible PBX 2027 platform with Debian 11 or Ubuntu 22.04 running on Windows, a Mac, or Linux. Turnkey versions are available for dozens of virtual machine and cloud-based platforms. If you’re using Incredible PBX 2027 on the Rocky 8 platform, you will also need to install the gTTS text-to-speech engine from here. Second, you’ll need to obtain a free OpenAI_KEY here using your Google, Apple, or Microsoft email account. And, third, you’ll need to obtain a free Speech-to-Text API_KEY and API_URL from IBM. Once you have the three pieces in hand, you’re ready to proceed with the installation for your Incredible PBX platform. After installation, you can make ChatGPT queries using any telephone connected to your PBX. Simply dial 2428 (C-H-A-T) and speak your query.
Installing the ChatGPT Telephone Interface
Not every ChatGPT response is suitable for use with a telephone. You wouldn’t want ChatGPT reading you a term paper or spouting out some Asterisk® dialplan code. Nor can most telephones display photos. So our deployment for Incredible PBX today provides two ChatGPT solutions: (1) a command-line interface that is accessible from a terminal or via SSH: chatgpt -p "your query". (2) The telephone interface is accessible by dialing 2428. For the telephone interface, be careful what you ask. You don’t want a 10,000-word response. For example, a good query might be "What are the five best Atlantic coast beaches in the United States." A not-so-good query would be "What are the best restaurants in the world."
To get started after installing Incredible PBX using one of the numerous tutorials available here, log into your server as root and issue the following commands:
cd / wget https://filedn.com/lBgbGypMOdDm8PWOoOiBR7j/ChatGPT/incredible-chat.tar.gz tar zxvf incredible-chat.tar.gz cd /root
Once the components have been downloaded and installed, navigate to the /root folder.
Enter your ChatGPT and IBM STT credentials in the following files:
- Edit chat and insert your OPENAI_KEY in line 6
- Edit chatgpt and insert your OPENAI_KEY in line 15
- Edit chatgpt.sh and insert your OPENAI_KEY in line 12
- Also insert your IBM STT API_KEY in line 16 of chatgpt.sh
- Also insert your IBM STT API_URL in line 17 of chatgpt.sh
Complete the install by issuing the following commands:
cd /root sed -i '/\[from-internal-custom\]/r chat.code' /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf chmod +x chat* mv chat /usr/local/sbin mv chatgpt /usr/local/bin mv chatgpt.sh /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin asterisk -rx "dialplan reload"
NOTE: The chatgpt command-line tool does not work on the Rocky 8 platform because of a bug in their fold implementation. However, both our chat command-line tool and the 2428 telephony interface work fine once the gTTS text-to-speech engine is installed for Rocky 8.
Making a Test Call with ChatGPT
Now that all the pieces are in place, let’s make a test call. From a phone connected to your Incredible PBX server, dial 2428. At the prompt, enter the following query: What Are the Five Best Gulf Coast Beach Resorts in the United States? Within a minute or so, ChatGPT will provide the answer using the gTTS text-to-speech engine included in Incredible PBX. Enjoy!
A Cautionary Note About ChatGPT
We’ll close today with this cautionary note about ChatGPT… from ChatGPT:
Originally published: Friday, October 20, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Virtualization Trifecta: $500 Buys a Perfect Hosting Platform
We’ve been raving about Zorin OS 16 last month as the best desktop operating system available. And today we combine it with a $500 MiniPC to provide not one, but three, virtualization platforms with a single machine. You get LXC Linux Containers, VirtualBox, and the Windows 11 WSL platform all rolled into one dual-boot desktop PC. On the Linux side with Zorin OS 16, you can run multiple LXC containers (shown above) and VirtualBox virtual machines simultaneously. And on the Windows 11 platform, you get the Windows Subsystem for Linux in addition to VirtualBox. For those clamoring for a multi-tenant Asterisk®, our question is why when you can securely run standalone platforms for each tenant on one PC.
Because UEFI protections have complicated deployment of Linux on Windows 11 platforms, the secret sauce to make this magic happen is finding a hardware supplier who has elected not to cripple Linux deployment. There may be others and feel free to post a comment sharing your successes, but our favorite supplier is MINISFORUM with their Venus Series of MiniPCs. We obviously haven’t tested all of their offerings, but we are actively using the NAB6 Mini PC featuring a 12th Gen Core i7-12650H processor, 32GB of DDR4 RAM, and a 1TB PCIe4.0 SSD. It’s available on Amazon today for $440. If you’re in the market for a gaming platform as well, the UM690 has gotten rave reviews and looks like a good fit for under $600.
As frequent visitors to our site know, referral revenue from Amazon helps keep the lights on at Nerd Vittles, but we also eat our own dog food. We recommend products we actually use.
Installing Incredible PBX 2027 with Windows 11 WSL
Let’s start with an easy virtualization platform, the Windows 11 Subsystem for Linux. To save you having to jump around behind tutorials, here’s a quick refresher on the process.
To get started, you’ll need Windows 11 (build 22000.*) or Windows 11 Insider Preview (builds 21362+) using any hardware platform that supports Windows 11. To begin, from the Windows 11 Start Menu, Search for powershell. Right click on the app and choose Run As Administrator.
Here are some wsl commands you’ll want to keep handy:
List Available Linux Offerings : wsl --list --online
Show Installed Linux Platforms : wsl -l -v
Install a Linux Virtual Machine : wsl --install -d {distro}
Startup a Linux Virtual Machine : wsl -d {distro}
Shutdown Running Virtual Machine: wsl --terminate {distro}
Remove any Linux Virtual Machine: wsl --unregister {distro}
Backup any Linux Virtual Machine: wsl --export {distro} {filename.tar}
Restore a Linux Virtual Machine : wsl --import {distro} {filename.tar}
Let’s begin by installing an Ubuntu Virtual Machine: wsl --install -d Ubuntu-22.04. You’ll be prompted to create a user account and password, e.g. nerd and password. If you’re not prompted to create a user account, reboot your Windows machine and reopen the Ubuntu-22.04 app from the Start menu. That will straighten things out. Once the Ubuntu CLI window appears, enter the following commands to set up the root user account and begin your Incredible PBX install. Then go have a very long cup of coffee.
sudo passwd root su root # enter password you created for root cd ~ apt install wget -y wget http://incrediblepbx.com/IncrediblePBX2027-U-Win11.sh chmod +x IncrediblePBX2027-U-Win11.sh ./IncrediblePBX2027-U-Win11.sh
While you’re waiting, notice that the Windows Start Menu now includes a new Ubuntu app which you will use to launch the Incredible PBX 2027-U virtual machine down the road.
When the install finishes, reboot.
Keep in mind that Incredible PBX will be running as an Ubuntu-22.04 virtual machine under Windows 11. So it’s important to know how to start things up and shut things down. As with any operating system, you don’t want to simply pull the plug and risk damaging both the file system and your MySQL databases.
To start the Ubuntu-22.04 virtual machine, you can do it in either of two ways. From the Windows Start Menu, double-click on the Ubuntu-22.04 app. Or from the PowerShell running as Administrator, type: wsl -d Ubuntu-22.04. Verify it’s running like this: wsl -l -v
Once the Ubuntu CLI appears, issue the following commands to activate all of the Linux components upon which Incredible PBX depends:
su root # enter root password cd ~ ./update-IncrediblePBX pbxstatus # if pbxstatus shows non-fax apps down # then run startup below ./startup pbxstatus
The LAN IP address is only accessible from your Windows machine. To run the Automatic Update Utility, you’ll need to SSH into this LAN address from the PowerShell running as Administrator where 172.19.180.143 is the LAN address shown in pbxstatus:
ssh root@172.19.180.143
To shutdown the Ubuntu-22.04 virtual machine, first open the Ubuntu-22.04 app and switch to the root user. Issue the halt command. This gracefully shuts down Asterisk, MySQL, and Apache. When the script completes, return to the PowerShell and issue this command to halt the virtual machine: wsl --terminate Ubuntu-22.04
Deploying OpenVPN with Incredible PBX. We strongly recommend deploying an OpenVPN client as part of your WSLg install and also on the Windows 11 desktop. It will simplify access to the server both from within Windows and also from any external source without having to wrestle with your firewall settings. This Incredible PBX Wiki article will walk you through creation of an OpenVPN Server platform, and this Incredible PBX Wiki article will walk you through the OpenVPN Client setup process. Simply name your Ubuntu .ovpn config file incrediblepbx.ovpn and save it in the /etc directory for automatic startup.
CAUTION: Be sure to create and use a separate .ovpn configuration file for your Windows desktop including these additional settings documented in the Wiki:
pull-filter ignore redirect-gateway route-nopull route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
Installing Incredible PBX with VirtualBox & Windows 11
Oracle’s virtual machine platform inherited from Sun is amazing. It’s not only free, but it’s pure GPL2 code. VirtualBox gives you a virtual machine platform that runs on top of many desktop operating systems including Linux, Windows, and Intel-based Macs. In terms of limitations, we haven’t found any. We even tested this on an Atom-based Windows 7 machine with 2GB of RAM, and it worked without a hiccup. So step #1 today is to download one or more of the VirtualBox 6.1 installers. Our recommendation is to put all of these 100MB installers on a USB thumb drive.1 Then you’ll have everything in one place whenever and wherever you happen to need it. Once you’ve downloaded the software, install it onto your Windows 11 desktop. Accept all of the default settings, and you’ll be good to go. For more details, here’s a link to the Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual.
NOTE: A VirtualBox 6.1 platform is required with Windows 11. Adjust screen size in View -> Virtual Screen.
To install Incredible PBX, download the Incredible PBX 2027-D image with Debian 11 (3.7 GB) or the Incredible PBX 2027-U image with Ubuntu 22.04 onto your desktop.
Next, double-click on the Incredible PBX .ova image on your desktop. Be sure to check the box to initialize the MAC address of the image if you’re using an older version of VirtualBox. Then click Import. Once the import is finished, you’ll see a new Incredible PBX 2027 virtual machine in the VM List of the VirtualBox Manager Window. Let’s make a couple of one-time adjustments to the Incredible PBX configuration to account for possible differences in sound and network cards on different host machines.
(1) Click once on the Incredible PBX 2027 virtual machine in the VM List. Then (2) click the Settings button. In System tab, check Hardware Clock in UTC Time. In the Audio tab, check the Enable Audio option and choose your sound card. In the Network tab for Adapter 1, check the Enable Network Adapter option. From the Attached to pull-down menu, choose Bridged Adapter. Then select your network card from the Name list. Then click OK. That’s all the configuration that is necessary for Incredible PBX.
Once you’ve imported and configured the Incredible PBX Virtual Machine, you’re ready to go. Highlight the Incredible PBX 2027 virtual machine in the VM List on the VirtualBox Manager Window and click the Start button. The standard Linux boot procedure will begin and, within a few seconds, you’ll get the familiar Linux login prompt. During the bootstrap procedure, you may see a couple of dialogue boxes pop up that explain the keystrokes to move back and forth between your host operating system desktop and your virtual machine. Remember, you still have full access to your desktop computer. Incredible PBX 2027 is merely running as a task in a VM window. Always gracefully halt Incredible PBX just as you would on any computer.
Here’s what you need to know. To work in the Incredible PBX virtual machine, just left-click your mouse while it is positioned inside the VM window. To return to your host operating system desktop, press the right Option key on Windows machines or the left Command key on any Mac. On Linux desktops, press the right Ctrl key. For other operating systems, read the dialogue boxes for instructions on moving around. To access the Linux CLI, login as root with the default password: password.
Deploying Incredible PBX with VirtualBox on Zorin
Now let’s reboot your machine and choose Zorin as the platform to load. The Incredible PBX setup is similar to the process used with Windows 11, but UEFI machines are temperamental about which non-Windows apps can run. To enable VirtualBox on the Zorin platform, here are the steps. First, run the Terminal app and reinstall VirtualBox:
apt remove virtualbox-dkms apt install virtualbox-dkms
You’ll be prompted to set up a password for your new VirtualBox UEFI key (8 characters). Then reboot and register the new key when prompted. Enter the password when prompted. Now run VirtualBox from the Applications menu, and you should be good to go.
Once you have VirtualBox running successfully, you can install Incredible PBX 2027. Using the Firefox browser, download the IncrediblePBX2027-U with Ubuntu 22.04 image or the IncrediblePBX2027-D with Debian 11 image to your Downloads folder. From the File Manager, double-click on the .ova image to install it into VirtualBox. Click RUN to start up Incredible PBX 2027. The rest of the setup process is the same as what we described for Windows 11.
Deploying Linux Containers Using Static Routes
The beauty of Linux Containers is they run natively sharing the Linux kernel. So performance is outstanding. But, unlike VirtualBox, there is no simple way to create a Linux Container that obtains a DHCP address from the LAN’s DHCP server, so called bridge mode. This is especially true if your Zorin host is connected wirelessly. Read both of those sentences again to make sure you understand the network limitation of Linux Containers. Simply stated, networking with Linux Containers functions much like the NAT (as opposed to Bridge) option in VirtualBox. Here’s what that means.
Linux Containers are created on their own private subnet. If you wish to access them from a different device on the same LAN shared with your Zorin desktop hosting your Linux Containers, the simplest method is to create a static route to the private LXC subnet either on your LAN’s router or ON EVERY LAN DEVICE that needs to connect to your Linux Containers.
Here are the Mac and Linux commands to create, delete, and list static routes on the other LAN devices where 10.0.3.0 is the LXC subnet hosting the Linux Containers and 192.168.0.167 is the LAN address of the Zorin host PC:
sudo route add -net 10.0.3.0/24 192.168.0.167 sudo route -n delete 10.0.3.0 netstat -rn
Here are the Windows commands to create, delete, and list the same:
route add 10.0.3.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.167 route delete 10.0.3.0 route print
Deploying Linux Containers on the Primary LAN
If you are dead set in wanting to configure your Linux Containers to use IP addresses on the same subnet as your primary LAN, keep in mind that DHCP will not work for Linux Containers on a secured wireless network. For a tutorial on setting this up using static IP addresses, go here. It’s the only alternative that works.
Deploying Linux Containers with OpenVPN
A less painful way to accomplish the same thing is to install OpenVPN clients in your Linux Containers. To do this, you first must enable tun for Linux Containers. On your Zorin host machine, create a new 00-openvpn.conf file in /usr/share/lxc/config/common.conf.d:
lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 10:200 rwm lxc.mount.entry = /dev/net dev/net none bind,create=dir 0 0 lxc.mount.entry = /dev/net/tun dev/net/tun none bind,create=file
Next, create an OpenVPN client config file for your Linux Container on your OpenVPN server. Now start up the Linux Container, switch to the root user, and copy the new config file (.ovpn) into the /etc folder naming it openvpn2027.ovpn. Then restart the Linux Container and wait for about 10 seconds for the OpenVPN client to load. Running pbxstatus now will show the OpenVPN IP address in your LAN listing, and the Linux Container is accessible from any device on your OpenVPN virtual private network.
Originally published: Monday, October 2, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
- Many of our purchase links refer users to Amazon when we find their prices are competitive for the recommended products. Nerd Vittles receives a small referral fee from Amazon to help cover the costs of our blog. We never recommend particular products solely to generate Amazon commissions. However, when pricing is comparable or availability is favorable, we support Amazon because Amazon supports us. [↩]
Faxing Returns for Incredible PBX 2027 Platforms
As you may know, the introduction of Rocky 8, Debian 11, Ubuntu 22.04, and PHP 7.4 blew our HylaFax/AvantFax/IAXmodem faxing solution out of the water leaving all of the Incredible PBX 2027 builds with no fax capabilities. With some tips from our long-time contributor, Bill Simon, we are happy to report that an alternative solution is now available. It now provides BOTH incoming and outgoing fax support with email PDF delivery of all received faxes. While there are numerous free and paid options that support Outbound Faxing, we now have added an easy-to-use script that provides this functionality on Incredible PBX 2027 platforms.
Inbound Faxing Solution with Incredible PBX 2027
The new inbound faxing solution works much like it did with HylaFax and IAXmodem. You configure your Inbound Routes in FreePBX® to listen for fax tones. When an incoming fax is detected, the call is transferred to a SpanDSP fax context in Asterisk®. The incoming fax is then recorded as a .tiff image. When the recording is finished, we use the TIFF2PDF application to convert the image to a PDF file which is then emailed to a designated email address which you configure as part of this fax setup procedure. The prerequisite, of course, is to assure that Incredible PBX 2027 can send emails. This was covered in the initial setup tutorials, but we will repeat it below for slow learners.
Let’s first get your Incredible PBX 2027 platform configured to detect and process incoming fax calls. Log into your server as root and issue the following commands.
1. For Rocky 8 platforms: yum install libtiff && yum install libtiff-tools
For Debian, Ubuntu, and Raspberry Pi platforms: apt install libtiff-tools -y
2. Issue the following commands to put the inbound fax context in place:
sed -i '/^\[custom-fax/,/^$/d' /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf
echo '
[ext-group](+)
exten => fax,1,Noop(Fax detected)
exten -> fax,2,Goto(custom-fax-iaxmodem,s,1)
[custom-fax-iaxmodem]
exten => s,1,Answer
exten => s,n,Wait(1)
exten => s,n,Verbose(3,Incoming Fax)
exten => s,n,Set(FAXEMAIL=) ; fax email address of recipient
exten => s,n,Set(FAXDEST=/tmp) ; folder where faxes will be stored
exten => s,n,Set(tempfax=${STRFTIME(,,%C%y%m%d%H%M)})
exten => s,n,ReceiveFax(${FAXDEST}/${tempfax}.tif)
exten => s,n,System(/usr/bin/tiff2pdf -o "${FAXDEST}/${tempfax}.pdf" "${FAXDEST}/${tempfax}.tif")
exten => s,n,System(/usr/bin/echo "Incoming fax is attached." | /usr/bin/mail -s "Incoming FAX Received" -A "${FAXDEST}/${tempfax}.pdf" "${FAXEMAIL}")
exten => s,n,Hangup
' >> /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf
3. Update the fax context to include your email address for delivery of inbound faxes. Insert your email address in the code below replacing yourname@gmail.com:
sed -i 's|FAXEMAIL=|FAXEMAIL=yourname@gmail.com|' /etc/asterisk/extensions_custom.conf
4. Download and install the Fax module for FreePBX:
fwconsole ma downloadinstall fax rm /tmp/* fwconsole reload
5. Open the FreePBX GUI and check to be sure you still have a Custom Destination called Fax (HylaFax). If not, create it:
Target: custom-fax-iaxmodem,s,1 Description: Fax (HylaFax) Return: No
6. In the FreePBX GUI, modify each of your Inbound Routes to support incoming faxes from the DIDs you’ll be using for inbound faxes. In the new Fax tab, edit the settings as shown below, save the settings, and reload your dialplan.
Yes SIP No 5 Custom Destinations Fax (HylaFax)
7. Be sure you have configured Outbound Email with SendMail using the instructions below before continuing.
8. Send a test fax from FaxZero to one of your fax-enabled DID’s while watching the Linux CLI for issues.
Configuring Gmail as Smart Relay Host
Most Incredible PBX implementations will be on networks managed by companies like Comcast, Spectrum, and AT&T that block downstream mail servers (that’s you) from sending email. The solution is to use Gmail or your local ISP as a smart relay host to send mail from your server. You’ll need this to deliver voicemails and faxes via email. Here’s how to set it up using a Gmail account.
IMPORTANT: You MUST obtain and use a Gmail App Password instead of your Gmail account password when running the script below. If you’re a Google hater, here’s an alternative.
/root/enable-gmail-smarthost-for-sendmail
Now send yourself a test email message to make sure things are working properly:
echo "test" | mail -s testmessage yourname@yourmailprovider.com
Outbound Faxing Solutions with Incredible PBX 2027
We’ve now developed a sendfax.sh script for use on Incredible PBX 2027 platforms. It lets you send any PDF document as a fax by simply copying the file to the /tmp directory and running the sendfax.sh script. You’ll be prompted for the name of the PDF file to send, the trunk to use for the call, and the phone number of the destination fax in the format required by your designated trunk. Make certain that you have provided the appropriate CallerID number in your Trunk setup, or the outbound calls may fail. After you complete the steps above to enable Inbound Faxing, issue the following commands to install this new Outbound Faxing addition:
cd /root wget http://incrediblepbx.com/sendfax2027.tar.gz tar zxvf sendfax2027.tar.gz rm -f sendfax2027.tar.gz
Now let’s be sure your platform has the necessary components to support Outbound Faxing.
On Rocky 8 platforms, issue the following commands:
yum install libtiff yum install libtiff-tools yum install ghostscript
On Debian, Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi platforms, issue the following commands:
apt update apt install libtiff-tools -y apt install ghostscript -y
Next edit /root/sendfax.sh and enter the callerid, faxheader, and faxstationid for your new Outbound Faxing Engine.
Disable the messages prompting for these components by issuing the command:
touch /etc/pbx/.sendfax
Finally, for installs before 9/27/2023, if you will be using a PJsip trunk to send outbound faxes, issue the following command to adjust the syntax in the sendfax.sh script. This is automatic for new installs.
sed -i 's|SIP/$mytrunk/$faxnumber|PJSIP/$faxnumber@$mytrunk|' /root/sendfax.sh
Now you’re ready to take Outbound Faxing for a test drive. Deposit a PDF file in the /tmp directory of your server. Then issue the following command to begin the Outbound Faxing process: /root/sendfax.sh. When prompted, enter the file name of your PDF file, the trunk name which will be used to make the call, and the phone number for the fax destination. That’s all the setup that’s required.
When you run the script, it will stay active until the fax has been delivered in order to alert you as to whether the fax transmission was successful. If, for some reason, the fax transmission fails, you can resend it with the following commands:
cp -ap /root/sendfax.call /tmp/cf rm -f /var/spool/asterisk/outgoing_done/cf mv /tmp/cf /var/spool/asterisk/outgoing/
You can verify receipt of the new fax attempt by waiting a reasonable time and then issuing these commands:
cd /var/spool/asterisk/outgoing_done
date -d @`cat cf | grep StartRetry | cut -f 2 -d "(" | cut -f 1 -d ")"`
cat cf | grep Status
While it is no longer possible to send faxes directly using AvantFax, there are some additional alternatives. A free one is faxzero.com, which lets you send 5 free faxes a day with up to 3 pages of text plus a cover sheet. A second alternative for infrequent use is to pay FaxZero $2.09 per fax to send up to 25 pages with an optional cover page. Another option is to send and receive faxes from your computer or mobile phone using a dedicated fax number from a service such as FaxDeck. Outbound faxing works almost identically to AvantFax. FaxDeck lets you send and receive up to 300 pages to the U.S. and Canada for $5 a month. Or, for $10 a month, you can send and receive up to 1,000 pages. That’s a penny per page which is less than the cost of most VoIP calls. Many of our recommended providers including Skyetel, ClearlyIP, VoIP.ms, and Vitelity also offer dedicated fax numbers as well as email-to-fax solutions.
Originally published: Monday, January 30, 2023 Updated: September 27, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
What A Steal: Host Unlimited Email Domains for Life
In these inflationary times, it’s always refreshing to find a technology solution that has actually decreased in price. To combat spam, hosting providers including Comcast and Spectrum have made it next to impossible to deploy a downstream mail server. So a relay hosting solution has become a must-have for VoIP server platforms including Incredible PBX. We’re thrilled to introduce MXroute’s $129 lifetime, cloud-based email hosting solution which supports unlimited domains, unlimited email addresses, and 10GB of storage. But you better hurry. This special won’t last long.
To get started with MXroute, you’ll want to spend some time in their tutorials making sure that you’ve properly configured DNS for the email domains you wish to host on MXroute. Pay particular attention to resolving DMARC, DKIM, and SPF issues before you go live. MXroute’s DNS support documentation is second to none.
For our part, we’ll show you how to configure Incredible PBX 2027 with Debian 11 or Ubuntu 22.04 to use MXroute as your email relay host so that email messages leave your server and arrive at their intended destinations without a hiccup or a SPAM flag. By default, Incredible PBX 2027-D and 2027-U servers are shipped with SendMail preconfigured and an enable-gmail-smarthost-for-sendmail script. Running the script assures proper delivery of outbound email so long as you use an existing Gmail account with a generated App password. But many prefer to cut the cord to Google and host their own email accounts, and that’s where we begin today.
To get started, sign up for an MXroute Unlimited Account. With your credentials in hand, log into the DirectAdmin web portal. Create your first email domain in Account Manager -> Domain Setup. Next, drop down to Email Manager -> Email Accounts and create an email account for the domain you created. Make note of the account password you use because you can’t retrieve it after you leave the creation step. You’ll see an arrow beside the newly created email account. It will take you to a functioning, web-based email client without having to enter your email account’s password. This email client can be used to send out test messages after you get the DNS settings for your domain squared away. Don’t continue with the Incredible PBX server setup below until you can successfully send and deliver a message from within the web-based email client with at least DKIM and SPF showing as PASSED in the original message listing for the delivered email message.
Incredible PBX Using MXroute As Smart Relayhost
What follows has been tested on Incredible PBX 2027 platforms deployed with Debian 11 or Ubuntu 22.04. It will not work with RedHat, CentOS, or Rocky 8 platforms which we no longer support. See this post for RedHat tips. Configuring your server to use MXroute as a smart relay host is a two-step process. First, we’ll replace SendMail with Postfix. And then we’ll set up MXroute as your email relay to avoid issues sending email from servers downstream from your Internet Service Provider, a.k.a. Comcast or Spectrum among others.
Replacing SendMail with Postfix on Incredible PBX
Begin by logging into your Incredible PBX server as root. Then issue the following commands:
systemctl stop sendmail systemctl disable sendmail apt-get update apt-get install postfix sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules -y dpkg-reconfigure postfix # choose NO Configuration option systemctl start postfix systemctl enable postfix sed -i 's|-c sendmail|-c postfix|' /usr/local/sbin/pbxstatus echo "incrediblepbx.com" > /etc/mailname sed -i 's|SendMail| Postfix|' /usr/local/sbin/pbxstatus systemctl status postfix
Deploying MXroute with Postfix
You’ll need three pieces of information to deploy MXroute as a smart relayhost with Incredible PBX: the name of your MXroute server (e.g. friday.mxrouting.net) and both the email address and password of an active account on MXroute (e.g. myname@mydomain.com & mypassword).
With these in hand, edit and save /etc/postfix/main.cf after adding the following to the bottom of the file using your actual MXroute server name in the first line. Leave the brackets in place.
relayhost = [friday.mxrouting.net]:587 smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt header_size_limit = 4096000
Next, create an /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd file with your three credentials:
[friday.mxrouting.net]:587 myname@mydomain.com:mypassword
Finally, issue the following commands to complete the setup:
chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd postmap /etc/postfix postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd systemctl restart postfix systemctl status postfix
Testing Email with MXroute and Postfix
As a security precaution, you can only send emails through MXroute using the email address registered with Postfix as your Reply-TO address. From the command line, your outbound email should look like this:
echo "test" | mail -r myname@mydomain.com -s testmsg somebody@somewhere.com
Also be sure to adjust the FROM address for outbound voicemail messages in the FreePBX GUI. Login as admin and enter your Sender Identity Email Address in the Server Email field in Settings -> Voicemail Admin -> Settings -> Email Config.
Originally published: Monday, September 25, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Zero-Day Vulnerabilities Compromise All FreePBX Systems
If you’re a user of Asterisk® and FreePBX®, the DEFCON 31 Conference in Las Vegas did not disappoint this year. It exposed not one but three critical, unpatched vulnerabilities in affected FreePBX-based platforms that can compromise your servers in under a minute. I would hasten to add that all of these vulnerabilities were disclosed to Sangoma® months ago and remain unaddressed for months. What this meant was a hacker could easily get administrator privileges on your server with a blank check to make free calls on your nickel or further infect your server with additional hidden components.
How Vulnerable Are You? Here’s a quick summary of the bugs documented in the presentation above. If you expose a port on your server to configure SIP phones, you’re compromised. If your users have public IP access to the User Control Panel (UCP), you’re compromised. Any user can delete any asterisk-owned file from your server. Use a Digium® or Sangoma® VoIP phone? You’re compromised. Actually, all you need is the MAC address of one of these phones and its password login and the User-Agent header of any Digium Phone (Digium D60 2_7_0), and you’re compromised if the dphone API RestApp is running on your server. Are you running the API module in FreePBX with public IP address access to your server? You’re compromised because of a bug in the generateDocumentation function. These are classic command injection and authentication bypass issues in FreePBX that can even be triggered from the bad guys’ servers using generated access tokens.
Sangoma, Sangoma. Wherefore Art Thou? You can read all about Sangoma’s Bug Bounty Program here. It was conveniently deleted immediately after this zero-day vulnerability was reported. We’ve reproduced the page from the Wayback Machine. So what happened? According to the good pseudonym researcher, not much. Aside from an initial response indicating that the bugs had been addressed, there was never a follow-up response when the researcher advised that the patches did not work.
What Can You Do? Your safest bet is to switch to a security model that does not expose your server or its assets to the public Internet. Incredible PBX is an out-of-the-box platform that provides this security. It’s available for Rocky 8 (not recommended), Debian 11, Ubuntu 22.04 as well as virtualization platforms including VirtualBox, VMware, Proxmox, Windows WSLg, LXC Linux Containers, and Apple’s UTM platform. OpenVPN is also strongly recommended.
At the very minimum, put your server behind a hardware-based firewall with no public Internet exposure until these bugs are properly resolved. You’ve been warned!
Follow updated comments on this issue on the FreePBX Forum and the VoIP-info.org Forum.
Originally published: Sunday, September 17, 2023 Updated: October 13, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Introducing Incredible PBX 2027 for LXC Linux Containers
We introduced Zorin OS in our recent review of the latest Acer Aspire 5 notebook PC. If you’ve never heard of Zorin, it’s probably the best desktop operating system available. While it is Linux-based, it can look like any desktop you’re already familiar with including Windows 11 and even a Mac if you spring for the $39 Pro version. It can be installed on as many PCs as you personally own, and Zorin Pro provides an incredible assortment of apps including the full LibreOffice suite, VirtualBox, music apps including Clementine, video streaming with VLC Media Player, Gnome’s Gmail, Firefox, and a number of free photo editing tools. In short, any app that will run under Ubuntu will run under Zorin. If you’re a diehard OpenVPN fan like us, it works swimmingly under Zorin and is a breeze to install.
After walking you through a Zorin install, we want to introduce you to a new Linux virtualization solution called LXC Linux Containers. It offers many of the same features you’d find in the OpenVZ cloud platform including shared kernel access and almost instantaneous startups. On the Zorin platform, it’s a one-minute setup procedure. We’ve even built Incredible PBX 2027 LXC images for both Debian 11 and Ubuntu 22.04 servers so you can bring up one or more full-featured unified communications platforms in a matter of minutes.
Preparing Zorin 16 Installation Media
Prepare a USB stick after downloading the Zorin 16 ISO of your choice. The easiest method is to download and install balenaEtcher on your desktop machine. It’s available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Insert your USB stick into your desktop computer and then run the balenaEtcher app. Choose your Zorin ISO after clicking Flash from File. Choose your USB stick from Select Target. Be sure you don’t accidentally choose your desktop’s main drive! Click the Flash button to begin. Once the ISO is transferred, gracefully eject your USB stick from your desktop machine.
Configuring Windows 11 for Dual-Boot
We won’t bore you with a tutorial on setting up Windows 11. It works much the same way on almost any modern computer. Once you get Windows 11 installed, the only change we need to make is to shrink the main Windows partition so that there is some room to install and use Zorin. For Lenovo and HP machines, don’t waste your time trying to get Zorin installed. It won’t. For other machines, from the Windows desktop, tap the Windows key and Search for “Create and format hard disk partitions”. Highlight your main Windows drive, usually called “OS (C:)”. Control-tap on the Touchpad or Right-Click your mouse in that partition and select “Shrink Volume”. Choose the amount of space to shrink the Windows partition and allocate to Zorin. We chose 250GB, but that’s your call. Reboot your machine for the changes to take effect. When the boot logo appears, press F2 repeatedly to enter the BIOS setup. Click on the Security tab and set a Supervisor Password. No other changes are necessary. If you can disable UEFI do so, but it’s not required. In the boot options, specify your USB drive as the primary boot source so we can install Zorin from a USB stick. Move to the Exit tab and choose Exit and Save Changes to initiate a reboot.
Installing Zorin 16 on a Desktop PC
Now we’re ready to install Zorin on your desktop machine. Insert the USB stick and turn on or reboot the computer. If the machine doesn’t boot Zorin from the USB stick, you may need to make the USB port your primary boot device in the BIOS settings. Choose the LIVE Session option to make sure Zorin will start on your machine. Also make sure you can configure WiFi in the Settings -> Network tab. If all goes well, click the Install Zorin link on the desktop to install Zorin onto your empty partition when prompted. Upon reboot, if UEFI is enabled, be sure to register Zorin in the UEFI whitelist when prompted. In some BIOS configurations, you may need to set NVME:ubuntu as Primary in the Boot setup’s Drive Priorities after installing Zorin. This was the case on our favorite MiniPC desktop, the MINISFORUM Venus Series NAB6 Mini PC (shown below). Now reboot and choose Zorin from the dual-boot menu.
One final tip. If you’ve activated OpenVPN on your Zorin 16 machine, all of the LXC Containers can connect to other OpenVPN servers without the need to install an OpenVPN client on each of the LXC Containers.
Setting Up LXC Containers on a Linux Desktop
1. After loading Zorin, drop down to the Terminal window from the desktop. If you haven’t previously configured the root user account, issue the following commands:
#Set up a very secure root password sudo passwd root # Login as root with your root password su root
2. Install the LXC Linux Container components:
su root apt install lxc lxc-templates lxctl lxc-checkconfig
3. Download, install, and configure an IncrediblePBX2027-U LXC container (3GB):
su root cd / wget https://filedn.com/lBgbGypMOdDm8PWOoOiBR7j/IncrediblePBX2027-LinuxContainers/iPBX2027U.tar.gz tar zxvf iPBX2027U.tar.gz lxc-start -n IncrediblePBX2027-U lxc-attach -n IncrediblePBX2027-U /etc/profile.d/helloworld.sh reboot su root cd ~ pbxstatus ./update-IncrediblePBX passwd root ./admin-pw-change ./apache-pw-change ./timezone-setup
4. Download, install, and configure an IncrediblePBX2027-D LXC container (3GB):
su root cd / wget https://filedn.com/lBgbGypMOdDm8PWOoOiBR7j/IncrediblePBX2027-LinuxContainers/iPBX2027D.tar.gz tar zxvf iPBX2027D.tar.gz lxc-start -n IncrediblePBX2027-D lxc-attach -n IncrediblePBX2027-D /etc/profile.d/helloworld.sh reboot su root cd ~ pbxstatus ./update-IncrediblePBX passwd root ./admin-pw-change ./apache-pw-change ./timezone-setup
5. Every time you start or restart the container, be sure to issue these commands:
iptables-restart fwconsole restart /root/update-IncrediblePBX pbxstatus
Mastering LXC Container Commands
Here’s a quick list of the main LXC Container commands together with examples:
1. List LXC Containers: lxc-ls
2. Start LXC Container: lxc-start -n IncrediblePBX2027-D
3. Information about LXC Container: lxc-info -n IncrediblePBX2027-D
4. Activate Console for LXC Container: lxc-attach -n IncrediblePBX2027-D
5. Duplicate/clone an LXC Container: lxc-copy OrigContainer -N NewContainer
6. Stop an LXC Container: halt | lxc-stop -n IncrediblePBX2027-U
7. Create Debian 11 image: lxc-create -t download -n DEBIAN11 — -d debian -r bullseye -a amd64
8. Delete/Destroy an LXC Container: lxc-destroy -n IncrediblePBX2027-D
Originally published: Monday, September 11, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
VirtualBox Wonder: It’s Incredible PBX 2027-D for Debian 11
If you’re new to the VoIP world and want to kick the tires to see what you’re missing, then today’s one minute setup is for you. You can purchase a $1 a month phone number in your choice of area codes from CallCentric. Setup instructions here. If you decide VoIP is not for you, you don’t have to buy anything else ever. And you can use almost any desktop computer you already own to bring up the VirtualBox® edition of Incredible PBX® with Debian 11. Apple’s new ARM-based Macs unfortunately do not support VirtualBox. Here’s a great alternative for you.
If you’ve followed Nerd Vittles over the years, you already know that VirtualBox from Oracle® is one of our favorite platforms. Once VirtualBox is installed on your desktop computer, adding Incredible PBX is a snap. Download the latest Incredible PBX 2027-D image for Debian 11, double-click on the downloaded image and boom. In less than a minute, your PBX is ready to use with the very latest components of Asterisk® 20 and FreePBX® 16. There are no hidden fees or crippleware to hinder your use of Incredible PBX for as long as you like. Of course, the Incredible PBX feature set is included as well which brings you nearly three dozen applications for Asterisk that will revolutionize your communications platform. Speech-to-text, voice recognition, and a Siri-like telephony interface are as close as your phone.
Installing Oracle VM VirtualBox
Oracle’s virtual machine platform inherited from Sun is amazing. It’s not only free, but it’s pure GPL2 code. VirtualBox gives you a virtual machine platform that runs on top of many desktop operating systems including Linux, Windows, and Intel-based Macs. In terms of limitations, we haven’t found any. We even tested this on an Atom-based Windows 7 machine with 2GB of RAM, and it worked without a hiccup. So step #1 today is to download one or more of the VirtualBox 6.1 installers. Our recommendation is to put all of these 100MB installers on a USB thumb drive.1 Then you’ll have everything in one place whenever and wherever you happen to need it. Once you’ve downloaded the software, simply install it onto your favorite desktop machine. Accept all of the default settings, and you’ll be good to go. For more details, here’s a link to the Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual.
NOTE: A VirtualBox 6.1 platform is required. Adjust screen size in View -> Virtual Screen.
Installing the Incredible PBX for Debian 11 Image
To begin, download the Incredible PBX 2027-D image with Debian 11 (3.7 GB) onto your desktop.
Next, double-click on the Incredible PBX .ova image on your desktop. Be sure to check the box to initialize the MAC address of the image if you’re using an older version of VirtualBox. Then click Import. Once the import is finished, you’ll see a new Incredible PBX 2027-D virtual machine in the VM List of the VirtualBox Manager Window. Let’s make a couple of one-time adjustments to the Incredible PBX configuration to account for possible differences in sound and network cards on different host machines.
(1) Click once on the Incredible PBX 2027-D virtual machine in the VM List. Then (2) click the Settings button. In System tab, check Hardware Clock in UTC Time. In the Audio tab, check the Enable Audio option and choose your sound card. In the Network tab for Adapter 1, check the Enable Network Adapter option. From the Attached to pull-down menu, choose Bridged Adapter. Then select your network card from the Name list. Then click OK. That’s all the configuration that is necessary for Incredible PBX.
Running Incredible PBX 2027-D in VirtualBox
Once you’ve imported and configured the Incredible PBX Virtual Machine, you’re ready to go. Highlight the Incredible PBX 2-27-D virtual machine in the VM List on the VirtualBox Manager Window and click the Start button. The standard Linux boot procedure will begin and, within a few seconds, you’ll get the familiar Linux login prompt. During the bootstrap procedure, you may see a couple of dialogue boxes pop up that explain the keystrokes to move back and forth between your host operating system desktop and your virtual machine. Remember, you still have full access to your desktop computer. Incredible PBX 2027-D is merely running as a task in a VM window. Always gracefully halt Incredible PBX just as you would on any computer.
Here’s what you need to know. To work in the Incredible PBX virtual machine, just left-click your mouse while it is positioned inside the VM window. To return to your host operating system desktop, press the right Option key on Windows machines or the left Command key on any Mac. On Linux desktops, press the right Ctrl key. For other operating systems, read the dialogue boxes for instructions on moving around. To access the Linux CLI, login as root with the default password: password.
Setting Your Incredible PBX Passwords
When the base install finishes and the VM restarts, log back in as root. Change your root password by issuing the command: passwd. Then update your admin password for web access: ./admin-pw-change. Also update your admin password for web applications: ./apache-pw-change. You’ll need these admin passwords to access the web GUI to manage your PBX as well as to use the AsteriDex and Reminders web apps.
Setting the Date and Time with VirtualBox
On some platforms, VirtualBox has a nasty habit of mangling the date and time of your virtual machine. Verify that you have enabled the Hardware Clock in UTC Time option for your virtual machine as documented above. If pbxstatus still shows an incorrect time, manually set the date and time and then update the hardware clock. Here’s how assuming 08130709 is the month (August), day (13), and correct time (7:09 a.m.) of your server:
date 08130709 clock -w
Configuring VoIP.ms for Incredible PBX
To sign up for VoIP.ms service, may we suggest you use our signup link so that Nerd Vittles gets a referral credit for your signup. Once your account is set up, you’ll need to set up a SIP SubAccount and, for Authentication Type, choose User/Password Authentication. Create a username and password for your subaccount. For Transport, choose UDP. For Device Type, choose Asterisk. Order a DID in their web panel, and then point the DID to the SubAccount you just created. Be sure to specify atlanta1.voip.ms as the POP from which to receive incoming calls.
Configuring Anveo Direct for Incredible PBX
To sign up for Anveo Direct service, sign up on their web site and then login. After adding funds to your account, purchase a DID under Inbound Service -> Order DID. Next, choose Configure Destination SIP Trunk. Give the Trunk a name. For the Primary SIP URI, enter $[E164]$@server-IP-address. For Call Options, select your new DID from the list. You also must whitelist your public IP address under Outbound Service -> Configure. Create a new Call Termination Trunk and name it to match your server. For Dialing Prefix, choose six alphanumeric characters beginning with a zero. In Authorized IP Addresses, enter the public IP address of your server. Set an appropriate rate cap. We like $0.01 per minute to be safe. Set a concurrent calls limit. We like 2. For the Call Routing Method, choose Least Cost unless you’re feeling extravagant. For Routes/Carriers, choose Standard Routes. Write down your Dialing Prefix and then click the Save button.
Before you can make outbound calls through Anveo Direct from your PBX, you first must configure the Dialing Prefix that you wrote down in the previous step. Log into the GUI as admin using a web browser and edit the Anveo-Out trunk in Connectivity -> Trunks. Click on the custom-Settings tab and replace anveo-pin with your actual Dialing Prefix. Click Submit and Apply Config to complete the setup.
By default, incoming Anveo Direct calls will be processed by the Default inbound route on your PBX. If you wish to redirect incoming Anveo Direct calls using DID-specific inbound routes, then you’ve got a bit more work to do. In addition to creating the inbound route using the 11-digit Anveo Direct DID, enter the following commands after logging into your server as root using SSH/Putty:
cd /etc/asterisk
echo "[from-anveo]" >> extensions_custom.conf
echo "exten => _.,1,Ringing" >> extensions_custom.conf
echo "exten => _.,n,Goto(from-trunk,\\${SIP_HEADER(X-anveo-e164)},1)" >> extensions_custom.conf
asterisk -rx "dialplan reload"
Configuring a Desktop Softphone for Incredible PBX
We’re in the home stretch now. You can connect virtually any kind of telephone to your new PBX. Plain Old Phones require an analog telephone adapter (ATA) which can be a separate board in your computer from a company such as Digium. Or it can be a standalone SIP device such as ObiHai’s OBi100 or OBi110 (if you have a phone line from Ma Bell to hook up as well). SIP phones can be connected directly so long as they have an IP address. These could be hardware devices or software devices such as a softphone. We’ll start with a free one today so you can begin making calls. You can find dozens of recommendations for hardware-based SIP phones both on Nerd Vittles and the PIAF Forum when you’re ready to get serious about VoIP telephony.
The easiest way to get started is to download a free softphone onto your desktop. We recommend Zoiper 5 for personal use. You can download and install it from here. Once installed, you’ll first need to decipher your extension password for an extension you wish to use to connect to Zoiper. Log into your Linux CLI and switch to the root user as documented above. Then run: /root/show-passwords. Specify 701 and 705 as the starting and ending extensions. Make note of the 701 extension password. Run pbxstatus and make note of your LAN IP address, e.g. 179.xx.yy.zz. Next, start up Zoiper from your desktop and choose the free version. For the desired account enter: 701@179.xx.yy.zz:5061 where 179.xx.yy.zz is the local IP address of your virtual machine. For the password, enter the 701 extension password you deciphered above. Press ENTER twice to complete the connection. When the dialer appears, try out some of the free Incredible PBX applications below.
NOTE: You must use the Keypad option shown in the right window of Zoiper after your call is connected for any app that prompts for keyboard input.
Here are some numbers to try:
123 - Reminders 222 - Timeclock for Employees (try 12345) 223 - AsteriDex Lookup & Dialer (try 335 for Delta Airlines) 947 - Weather by ZIP Code (requires keyboard entry of ZIP code) 951 - Yahoo News TODAY - Today in History LENNY - The Telemarketer's Worst Nightmare
If you are a Mac user, another great no-frills softphone is Telephone. Just download and install it from the Mac App Store. For Android users, check out the terrific new VitalPBX Communicator. Works flawlessly with Incredible PBX.
Configuring a Softphone Extension on a Smartphone
Adding an Incredible PBX extension to your smartphone gets a little trickier. Whether you’re an iPhone or Android lover, all smartphones use batteries, and you don’t want to drain your battery by running a softphone as a foreground app all the time. Fortunately, you now have some choices in softphones engineered to work without draining your battery. While they all cost money, it’s not much money. We’ve written about all the choices, and you’ll find the links in our Softphone Provider Recommendations on the new Incredible PBX Wiki.
With PJsip extensions, you’re not limited to a single phone connection at a time, and we’ve preconfigured extension 701 to support ten simultaneous connections. The setup on the softphone side is simple. For the server, enter the actual IP address of your PBX in the following format: 22.33.44.55:5061. Then enter 701 for the username and enter the password assigned to the 701 extension on your PBX. When an incoming call arrives, all the phones registered to extension 701 will ring simultaneously. Simply answer the call on the phone that is most convenient. For extension 702, you can change the number of simultaneous connections by clicking the Advanced tab and setting the number in Max Contacts.
Configuring Incredible PBX for VirtualBox
In order to take advantage of all the Incredible PBX applications, you’ll need to obtain IBM text-to-speech (TTS) and speech-to-text (STT) credentials as well as a (free) Application ID for Wolfram Alpha.
This Nerd Vittles tutorial will walk you through getting your IBM account set up and obtaining both your TTS and STT credentials. Be sure to write down BOTH sets of credentials which you’ll need in a minute. For home and SOHO use, IBM access and services are mostly FREE even though you must provide a credit card when signing up. The IBM signup process explains their pricing plans.
To use Wolfram Alpha, sign up for a free Wolfram Alpha API account. Just provide your email address and set up a password. It takes less than a minute. Log into your account and click on Get An App ID. Make up a name for your application and write down (and keep secret) your APP-ID code. That’s all there is to getting set up with Wolfram Alpha. If you want to explore costs for commercial use, there are links to let you get more information.
In addition to your Wolfram Alpha APPID, there are two sets of IBM credentials to plug into the Asterisk AGI scripts. Keep in mind that there are different usernames and passwords for the IBM Watson TTS and STT services. The TTS credentials will look like the following: $IBM_username and $IBM_password. The STT credentials look like this: $API_USERNAME and $API_PASSWORD. Don’t mix them up. 🙂
All of the scripts requiring credentials are located in /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin so switch to that directory after logging into your server as root. Edit each of the following files and insert your TTS credentials in the variables already provided: nv-today2.php, ibmtts.php, and ibmtts2.php. Edit each of the following files and insert your STT credentials in the variables already provided: getquery.sh, getnumber.sh, and getnumber2.sh. Finally, edit 4747 and insert your Wolfram Alpha APPID.
Using AsteriDex with Incredible PBX
AsteriDex is a web-based dialer and address book application for Asterisk and Incredible PBX. It lets you store and manage phone numbers of all your friends and business associates in an easy-to-use SQLite3 database. You simply call up the application with your favorite web browser: http://pbx-ip-address/asteridex4/. When you click on a contact that you wish to call, AsteriDex first calls you at extension 701, and then AsteriDex connects you to your contact through another outbound call made using your default outbound trunk that supports numbers in the 1NXXNXXXXXX format.
Keeping FreePBX 16 Modules Current
We strongly recommend that you periodically update all of your FreePBX modules to eliminate bugs and to reduce security vulnerabilities. From the Linux CLI, log into your server as root and issue the following commands:
rm -f /tmp/* fwconsole ma upgradeall fwconsole reload /root/sig-fix systemctl restart apache2 /root/sig-fix
Taking Incredible PBX for a Test Drive
You can take Incredible PBX on a test drive by dialing D-E-M-O (3366) from any phone connected to your PBX.
With Allison’s Demo IVR, you can choose from the following options:
- 0. Chat with Operator — connects to extension 701
- 1. AsteriDex Voice Dialer – say "Delta Airlines" or "American Airlines" to connect
- 2. Conferencing – log in using 1234 as the conference PIN
- 3. Wolfram Alpha Almanac – say "What planes are flying overhead"
- 4. Lenny – The Telemarketer’s Worst Nightmare
- 5. Today’s News Headlines — courtesy of Yahoo! News
- 6. Weather by ZIP Code – enter any 5-digit ZIP code for today’s weather
- 7. Today in History — courtesy of OnThisDay.com
- 8. Chat with Nerd Uno — courtesy of SIP URI connection to 3CX iPhone Client
- 9. DISA Voice Dialer — say any 10-digit number to be connected
- *. Current Date and Time — courtesy of Incredible PBX
Originally published: Monday, September 4, 2023
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the VoIP-info Forum.
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