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JUST RELEASED: Visit the Incredible PBX Wiki2016, The Year of (real) VoIP Choice: Meet XiVO, a UC Solution for Any Business
We promised you that 2016 was going to be a year filled with surprises, and today we’re pleased to introduce another open source, pure GPL3 solution for any business. Whether your requirements are a call center or a versatile phone system for hundreds of employees, XiVO™ offers a compelling unified communications solution that checks all the boxes. Unlike some products that function merely as a code generator for Asterisk®, XiVO is in a league of its own. XiVO is actually an integral component of the Asterisk application itself. It manages your telephony server in realtime using its versatile PostGreSQL database platform. Did we mention it’s also a great playground for hobbyists and SOHO VoIP enthusiasts? Let’s get started.
UPDATE: The first release of Incredible PBX for XiVO is now available here. Please consider this article superseded by the new release.
There’s no way to do justice to a product like XiVO in a single article. So our plan is to introduce XiVO today and get your platform up and running where you can make and receive free calls throughout the United States and Canada. Then you can add Incredible PBX components and additional SIP providers as we continue to build them out. Just follow along with our Incredible PBX development for XiVO on the PIAF Forum, and you’ll get a first-hand look at how sausage is made. We already have text-to-speech applications for news and weather up and running. You can take them for a test drive by calling the XiVO demo: 
And, of course, we’ve integrated the Travelin’ Man 3 IPtables firewall to provide rock-solid security for XiVO, and we’ll cover that today as well. As part of this development process, you’ll discover how easy it is to build Asterisk applications for XiVO on your own. And hopefully you’ll share some of your creations with the rest of us. That’s what open source development is all about.
Choosing an Experimental Platform for XiVO
We’re just getting started with XiVO development so, like us, we’re assuming you’ll want to kick the tires a bit before jumping into a new VoIP solution for the long haul. That means you first must choose a platform on which to install XiVO. We have several recommendations for you. If you have a robust desktop machine with lots of RAM and processing power, then installing XiVO under VirtualBox may be the way to go. We actually use an iMac with 16GB of RAM, and it provides plenty of horsepower to run VirtualBox and XiVO. With VirtualBox, we’ll start by downloading the XiVO ISO.
We didn’t mention that XiVO has been under development for over 10 years and is supported by the original developers with financial support from Avencall. Because of its Canadian roots, it seems only fitting that many may wish to consider CloudAtCost in Canada as an appropriate site to host your experimental XiVO server. A one-time payment of $10.50 still buys you a sandbox in the cloud for life with coupon code TAKE70, and XiVO installs on the CloudAtCost platform without a hiccup. For a CloudAtCost implementation, we’ll start by creating a Debian 8 server.1 And then we’ll download and run the XiVO installation script to build our XiVO server. Finally, we’ll walk you through setting up XiVO on a $5/month Digital Ocean Droplet which provides state-of-the-art performance at rock-bottom Cloud pricing. So begin by choosing your hardware platform from the three options below:
1. Installing XiVO as a VirtualBox Virtual Machine
For standalone implementations including VirtualBox, we’ll begin by downloading the 64-bit XiVO Server ISO to your desktop. Next, create a VirtualBox 64-bit Debian VM platform with 1024 MB RAM and at least a 10GB virtual drive. In System Settings, enable I/O APIC and disable the other options. Select a Sound Card to match your machine and configure Network Adapter 1 as a Bridged Network Device. In the Storage Settings (shown below) for your (1) Empty IDE Controller, (2) select the downloaded XiVO ISO as your installation media. Start the VM and proceed through the initial install.
Click Install, choose your language, pick your time zone, choose your keyboard map, create a very secure root password, and choose a Debian mirror that’s close to your server. Choose /dev/sda as your bootloader assuming that’s the disk drive configured by VirtualBox. In less than 10 minutes, the install will complete and your VM will reboot. Log into your server as root and obtain your IP address: ifconfig. You’ll need it for the web configuration step that comes next.
2. Installing XiVO as a CloudAtCost Cloud-Based Server
You can’t use an ISO as the installation media at CloudAtCost so we have to start by building a 64-bit Debian 8 virtual machine with at least 512 MB RAM and a 10GB virtual drive. No need to choose a larger drive at the moment since there’s a bug in CloudAtCost’s installer for Debian 8. See the footnote for details. Once your virtual machine is built, log in as root and issue the following commands to kick off the XiVO install:
apt-get -y remove apache2* apt-get update apt-get -y upgrade reboot # log back in as root and... wget http://mirror.xivo.io/fai/xivo-migration/xivo_install_current.sh bash xivo_install_current.sh
3. Installing XiVO as a Digital Ocean Droplet
As with CloudAtCost, you’ll need to begin your XiVO adventure at Digital Ocean by first signing up for an account. With our referral code, you’ll get a $10 credit (and so will Nerd Vittles). That’s good for two full months of service to kick the tires of XiVO without ever spending a dime. Once your account is set up, create a $5/month Debian 8 (64-bit) Droplet. When you receive the email with your droplet credentials, log into your new server as root using SSH/Putty and issue the following commands to get Debian 8 squared away:
apt-get update apt-get upgrade -y dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1024k chown root:root /swapfile chmod 0600 /swapfile mkswap /swapfile swapon /swapfile echo "/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab sysctl vm.swappiness=10 echo vm.swappiness=10 >> /etc/sysctl.conf free reboot
After the reboot, log into your server again with your new root password and kick off the XiVO install:
wget http://mirror.xivo.io/fai/xivo-migration/xivo_install_current.sh bash xivo_install_current.sh
Enabling SSH Root Access with XiVO
If you installed XiVO using the XiVO ISO, then root logins via SSH are disabled by default. Only enable it if you plan to also implement the firewall in the next step! To enable root logins via SSH, log into the server console as root and edit the SSH config file: nano -w /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Find the line in the Authentication section that begins with PermitRootLogin and change it to: PermitRootLogin yes. Save your change (Ctrl-X, y, ENTER) and then restart SSH: /etc/init.d/ssh restart.
Setting Up a Firewall to Protect XiVO
We don’t build PBXs without a rock-solid firewall, but it’s your phone bill so the choice is all yours. The Travelin’ Man 3 implementation of the Linux IPtables firewall provides a safe computing platform using a WhiteList to only allow access by trusted users and providers. You can add additional users to the whitelist as desired using add-ip and add-fqdn in the /root folder. Restart your firewall using only this command: iptables-restart. If you’ll be using FQDNs in your WhiteList, then add the ipchecker script to your cron jobs. Then review Step #5 in the TM3 tutorial.
echo "*/10 5-22 * * * root /root/ipchecker > /dev/null 2>&1" >> /etc/crontab
It’s imperative that you set this up from a client workstation that’s running SSH or Putty. Otherwise, you may inadvertently lock yourself out from your own server. While logged into your server via SSH as root, issue the following commands:
cd /root wget http://incrediblepbx.com/firewall-xivo.tar.gz tar zxvf firewall-xivo.tar.gz rm -f firewall-xivo.tar.gz ./tm3-xivo.sh
Configuring XiVO with a Web Browser
Once the basic install is completed, you use a web browser to actually configure and manage your XiVO server. To get things started, point your browser to the IP address of your XiVO server. Choose your Language. Accept the GPL3 license agreement. Then fill in the blanks to create a Hostname for your server (XiVO), a domain name (some domain that you own or one chosen from your favorite dynamic DNS provider), a very secure Web interface password (choose as if your phone bill depends upon it). The network interface and DNS server entries should already be correct. Click Next.
On the second configuration screen, choose an Entity (department/organization name or IncrediblePBX will suffice). Then set up the Contexts to manage calls on your PBX:
- Internal Calls Context: manages extension numbers that can be reached internally
- Incalls Context: manages calls coming from outside of your system
- Outcalls Context: manages calls going from your system to the outside
Here’s what we’ll be using by way of example:
Finally, validate your entries to complete the configuration. Now log into your XiVO server as root using your newly created web password. You should get a status screen that looks something like this. If you had any doubts about the quality of the XiVO product, this should put your mind at ease. 🙂
Logging Into the XiVO Web Interface
To make changes in your XiVO setup, you’ll need to log into the web interface at the IP address of your XiVO PBX. Login with root as the username together with the Web Interface Password you set up above. You can change this password at any time under the Configuration tab by clicking on Users and editing your existing settings.
Creating Users and Lines with XiVO
For those migrating from the FreePBX® world, you’re probably most familiar with the procedure for creating extensions. More advanced administrators may have switched to device and user mode where users and devices are created separately. Phone numbers or extensions were associated with users while phone instruments were associated with devices. In the World of XiVO, we’ll start with the simplest configuration, and you can move on from there when you’re ready. In our scenario today, we’ll create a couple of users. Each user has a Name, Language, Time Zone, and other optional characteristics such as a Mobile Phone Number which can ring simultaneously whenever a user receives a call to his or her local XiVO phone number. By adding a Line (aka Phone Number) for the user as the user account is created, XiVO will automatically generate a separate Line with username and password credentials. This Line will be associated with the User during the initial user setup procedure, and this Line then can be registered to a SIP phone, softphone, or XiVO client (which we will cover separately down the road). In the example below, we’re using Nerd Uno’s extension 701 (associated with line 3jz8tsr0) to call Nerd Dos’ extension 702 (associated with line 8fmne2x4).
XiVO has an excellent tutorial that covers creating Users with a SIP Line. So jump there and add a couple of Users following the steps in the tutorial. When you’re finished, you’ll have two Users and two associated Lines with credentials to set up SIP phones. Since you’re just getting your feet wet and will probably make some mistakes, it’s probably a good idea to turn off Fail2Ban while you’re experimenting. Otherwise, you may accidentally lock yourself out of your server (ask us how we know) and think it’s a problem with XiVO. Here’s how:
/etc/init.d/fail2ban stop
To set up your SIP phones, you’ll need the credentials for each of the two lines. Under the Lines tab, click on the Pencil icon to reveal the Username and Password. Fill in the missing pieces as shown below and make certain that your NAT entry is set to Yes.
With those credentials in hand, go ahead and configure a couple of SIP phones and make certain you can call between them with audio in both directions before proceeding. For those with a Mac, Telephone is perfect for experimentation because you can set up multiple softphones and place calls between them.
IMPORTANT: If your server is sitting behind a NAT-based firewall, you must set the external and local network IP addresses for XiVO in General Settings -> SIP Protocol. You’ll find the fields in the Network tab.
Configuring a SIP Trunk for Google Voice with XiVO
Now that you have internal calls working, let’s turn our attention to connecting your PBX to the rest of the world. We obviously can’t cover the setup for every SIP provider, but we can provide a good example that will get our U.S. friends free calling in the U.S. and Canada. We’ve chosen the Simonics SIP Gateway to Google Voice because a one-time payment of $5.99 gets you a traditional SIP trunk to interface with any existing Google Voice number. If you don’t have a Google Voice number, sign up here. In your Google Voice Settings, make sure Forward Calls to Google Chat is enabled and disable Call Screening in the Calls tab. Then, with your Google credentials and Google Voice number in hand, visit the Simonics web site to sign up for service. Sign in with your Google credentials and complete the registration process. Once you have your Simonics account name and password, log into your XiVO web portal.
With credentials in hand, on the XiVO side, start by choosing the SIP Protocol tab under Trunk Management. There are actually three tabs to configure for the SIP trunk. Begin in the General tab and make it look like this using your credentials. NOTE: The complete FQDN for the Simonics gateway should be gvgw.simonics.com:
Next, click on the Register tab and reenter your credentials. Leave the empty fields exactly as shown. Be sure the Register box is checked.
Next, in the Signaling tab, change the Monitoring option to Yes and then click Save. Monitoring is the XiVO equivalent of the SIP Qualify option.
We also need to make one minor adjustment in the SIP Protocol Defaults in the General Settings. Just Save your settings after checking Match users with ‘username’ field.
Next, we need to tell XiVO how to process Incoming and Outgoing Calls using the Google Voice SIP trunk. Under the Call Management section, let’s begin with the Incoming Calls setup by creating a new Incoming Calls DID for your 11-digit Google Voice number. To keep things simple, we’ll route the incoming calls to the User mapped to extension 701:
For Outgoing Calls, we need to route calls with a specific dial string out the Simonics SIP trunk using the to-extern context. By way of example, we’ve set this up using a dialing prefix of 48 (GV) and a 10-digit number. We’re letting XiVO supply the missing 1 country code required by Google Voice, and we’ll let XiVO strip off the 48 prefix in processing the outbound calls. If this is your only outgoing trunk, you may prefer not to use a dial prefix at all. In that case, change the dial string to a 10-digit number (NXXNXXXXXX) and set Stripnum to 0.
Well, that’s enough for today. There’s complete XiVO PDF Documentation available here. We’ll have lots more to say about XiVO in coming weeks. Come join the party!
Published: Thursday, May 5, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
- There’s a glitch in the CloudAtCost builds for Debian8. Regardless of how much disk storage you allocate, CloudAtCost will only use 10GB. Moral: Don’t waste your resources by allocating more than 10GB of disk space. This is an experimental platform, and 10GB will suffice. If you really need more space, this thread on the PIAF Forum will walk you through expanding the storage allocation beyond the 10GB threshold. [↩]
Sleep Well: Create a $10.50 Incredible Backup Server in the Cloud with WebDAV
With the impending demise of Copy.com, it seemed like a good time to revisit the subject of backups and to do a little advance preparation for that rainy day when your Incredible PBX™ server decides it’s taken its last breath. We recently documented how to build an Incredible PBX in the Cloud for a one-time cost of $10.50. And we showed you how to build a Linux Sandbox in the Cloud for the same bargain-basement price. Today, we’re adding a third way to spend one day’s lunch money with our new Backup Server in the Cloud at CloudAtCost. And, like the other two, a one-time investment of $10.50 gets you a 10GB cloud repository to store your most important Asterisk® files for life!1 If you’re feeling really adventurous, you can double or quadruple your resources and your storage capacity at the same great 70% off rates with CloudAtCost coupon code: TAKE70. Some have asked us for a referral code to give credit where credit is due. Thanks for thinking of us, but we already have all of the CloudAtCost resources we could ever use. So this one, like the two before it, is on us!
We recommend you start by building an Incredible PBX platform at CloudAtCost using our previous tutorial. Is it production-ready? Probably not. Is it a good standby server which can swing into action when your primary server croaks? Absolutely. Can it be used for off-site storage of backups from your primary Incredible PBX server? You bet. And today we’ll show you how. It’s about a 10-minute process once you have Incredible PBX up and running in the Cloud. We’ll also provide an updated Incredible Backup script to transparently upload backup images to your new CloudAtCost backup server.
It’s been quite a while since we first explored WebDAV back in 2005. Today we’re going to bolt on WebDAV to your existing Incredible PBX platform so that some of that spare storage space in the Cloud can be used to house snapshot images of your Incredible PBX production server. Since this will be a fully-functioning Incredible PBX server in addition to serving as a backup server, it can perform double-duty as a hot standby on a moment’s notice. When disaster strikes, restore the latest backup which happens to be colocated on your Cloud server, and you’ll be back in business.
Overview. As you probably know, WebDAV is an acronym for Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning. Simply put, it is an HTTP protocol extension that allows people anywhere on the Internet to edit and manage documents and other files using the same protocol and port used for surfing the web. In the Mac and Linux worlds, WebDAV provides a Disk Volume that “looks and feels” like any other networked hard disk. In the Windows world, WebDAV is called Web Folders. They can be used like any other mapped drive in Network Neighborhood. If you’re still a little fuzzy about the WebDAV concept, think of how you link to another drive on your local area network. WebDAV gives you the same functionality across the entire Internet with virtually the same ease of use. Depending upon user privileges, of course, you can copy files to and from a WebDAV volume, and the protocol imposes versioning control through file locking to assure that multiple people with access rights don’t change the same file at the same time.
Initial Setup of WebDAV in the Cloud. For today, we’re assuming you already have a functioning Incredible PBX server at CloudAtCost running under CentOS 6.7. If not, start with our tutorial here. If you’d prefer to use the Linux Sandbox configuration for your WebDAV platform, skip down to the next section. To keep things simple, we’re going to set up a separate dav directory within your existing Incredible PBX cloud server to use for WebDAV storage. This means files and folders managed with WebDAV will appear in /var/www/html/dav on your server. We’ll password-protect the directory using Apache web credentials for the admin user. You first must set up these credentials by issuing the following command while logged into your server as root:
htpasswd /etc/pbx/wwwpasswd admin
To activate WebDAV on your Incredible PBX server at CloudAtCost, while still logged into your server as root, issue the following commands:
mkdir /var/www/html/dav chown asterisk:asterisk /var/www/html/dav chown asterisk:asterisk /var/lib/dav cd /etc/pbx/httpdconf wget http://incrediblepbx.com/dav.conf service httpd restart
Keep in mind that WebDAV is running on an Incredible PBX server which means that remote HTTP access will require that your remote IP address be in the IPtables WhiteList. You can add it easily using the add-ip or add-fqdn utilities in /root. Don’t forget, or none of this will work.
Setting Up WebDAV on a CloudAtCost Linux Sandbox. If you’d prefer to set up WebDAV on a Linux Sandbox at CloudAtCost rather than the Incredible PBX platform, begin by installing the sandbox by following along in the Nerd Vittles tutorial. Once you’re up an running, issue the following commands to activate WebDAV:
mkdir /etc/pbx htpasswd -c /etc/pbx/wwwpasswd admin mkdir /var/www/html/dav chown apache:apache /var/www/html/dav cd /etc/httpd/conf.d wget http://incrediblepbx.com/dav.conf service httpd restart
You won’t have to whitelist the IP address of your local Incredible PBX server in the IPtables firewall running on your WebDAV server at CloudAtCost because port 80 already is whitelisted in the default Linux Sandbox setup.
Accessing WebDAV in the Cloud. As installed, you’ll need your username (admin) and your Apache password assigned above to access your WebDAV server in the Cloud. Use a browser for read only access to the dav directory at the IP address of your server, e.g. http://23.45.67.89/dav. Or establish a network share to the WebDAV resource for read and write access.
Configuring a Local CentOS/SL Server for WebDAV Access. Linux needs something special in order to treat remote WebDAV resources as part of your local file system. Fortunately, there is a packaged solution that does all the heavy lifting for you. On every CentOS/Scientific Linux server from which you want to access remote WebDAV resources, issue the following commands while logged into the server as root:
yum -y install davfs2 mkdir /dav cd /root wget http://incrediblepbx.com/incrediblebackup-dav chmod +x incrediblebackup-dav
Configuring a Local Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian Server for WebDAV Access. The setup drill is much the same as it is for CentOS except the package installation syntax needs to be adjusted. On every Debian, Ubuntu, or Raspbian (Raspberry Pi) server from which you want to access remote WebDAV resources, issue the following commands while logged into the server as root:
apt-get -y install davfs2 mkdir /dav cd /root wget http://incrediblepbx.com/incrediblebackup-dav chmod +x incrediblebackup-dav
Connecting to Your WebDAV Server in the Cloud. The new Incredible Backup script, /root/incrediblebackup-dav, will automatically make a connection to your new WebDAV server in the Cloud once you’ve entered your admin credentials and the IP address of your WebDAV server. Do this by editing incrediblebackup-dav. Just plug in your admin password and the IP address of your WebDAV server in the Cloud. Then save the file.
In case you’re curious, here is the command to access WebDAV as a file system from your local server. Assuming admin:passwd555 were your remote Apache credentials and 23.45.67.89 was the IP address of your CloudAtCost server, the mount command would look like this:
echo passwd555 | mount.davfs http://23.45.67.89/dav /dav -o username=admin
All of the /dav files on the WebDAV server in the Cloud then would be accessible in the /dav directory on your local server until the WebDAV connection was closed/unmounted. You can add, edit, and delete files and directories. All of your local changes will automatically be synchronized with your WebDAV server in the Cloud.
To close the WebDAV connection, issue the following command:
umount.davfs /dav
Making a Backup to Your WebDAV Server in the Cloud. This is the easy part. Once everything is in place and you have configured the Incredible Backup script with your admin credentials and WebDAV server’s IP address, you’re ready to kick off a backup. Just issue the following command while logged into your server as root:
/root/incrediblebackup-dav
Restoring a Backup from Your WebDAV Server in the Cloud. There are two ways to do this. If your local server and Cloud-based server are running identical versions of Incredible PBX, then you can restore the backup image to your Cloud server and run Incredible PBX in the Cloud. Simply move the desired backup file from /var/www/html/dav on the Cloud server to /backup and then run incrediblerestore from the /root folder. Once the restore completes, reboot your Cloud server, reconfigure the IP addresses of your phones, and you’re back in business.
If you’d prefer to restore a backup from the Cloud to a local server, then you would first build a new server to match the one from which the backup was originally made. Next, configure the new server to support WebDAV access to your Cloud-based server following the tutorial above. Then execute the following commands after logging into your local server as root. Use the credentials, IP address, and actual backup filename saved on your Cloud server:
mkdir /backup cd /root echo passwd555 | mount.davfs http://23.45.67.89/dav /dav -o username=admin cp /dav/backupfilename.tar.gz /backup/. umount.davfs /dav ./incrediblerestore /backup/backupfilename.tar.gz rm /backup/backupfilename.tar.gz
WebDAV Cautionary Notes and Gotchas. First, WebDAV does a lot of heavy lifting under the covers because its intended for use as a collaboration tool by multiple people accessing and updating the same resources. So synchronization is important. When we’re moving huge files from a local server to the WebDAV cloud, this synchronization activity can give the appearance that your server has hung either during the backup procedure or thereafter. It hasn’t. So, after you run the Incredible Backup script to upload a new backup image, leave your server alone for a while. On your local server, don’t attempt to list /dav or otherwise use it for about an hour to be safe. On a Raspberry Pi, just be patient while the backup procedure completes. After that, you should be good to go. Depending upon the Linux flavor of your local server, the Incredible Backup script may not dismount your WebDAV resource successfully. You can do this manually LATER although it won’t hurt anything to leave the connection in place. As noted above, the dismount command is umount.davfs /dav.
Second, be very careful in configuring Incredible Backup to make certain that you specify the correct IP address for your WebDAV server in the Cloud. WebDAV will try to connect to any IP address, and you don’t want to inadvertently upload your backup files to someone else’s server. Third, ALWAYS use a web browser to access your WebDAV server in the Cloud after your backup completes to make certain that a backup with the current date and time is shown in the directory listing. Particularly with RedHat OS flavors, it may take some time for the entire tarball upload to complete even though the script will indicate it has finished. Again, patience is a virtue. Don’t reboot. Things will get sorted out in due course.
Finally, as with other network connections, if the WebDAV connection fails for some reason, your backup would be stored locally in the /dav folder rather than on WebDAV in the Cloud. That’s obviously not too helpful in the event of a local disk crash. So don’t forget to check your WebDAV server in the Cloud to verify successful completion of the backup.
Enjoy!
Republished: Monday, April 25, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
- The lifetime promise is, of course, in the eye of the beholder. It may be your lifetime but, more than likely, it’s the lifetime of CloudAtCost. The two are not necessarily the same so plan accordingly. 🙂 [↩]
No Brainer: Free Cell Service, Free Texting, Free Data Plan + Free SIP Trunk
Suppose we told you there was a cellular reseller in the United States that would give you 3,250 minutes of free calling every month with a free Sprint phone. And, to sweeten the pot, you could also use those minutes as a SIP trunk on any Asterisk® server to make 3,250 minutes of free calls in the United States every month. Let’s not stop there. Suppose the provider would also throw in 3,250 SMS messages as well as 3,250 megs of data each month so you could surf the web, read your emails, and watch movies on your new smartphone. Crazy, huh? Too good to be true? Suppose we told you our family has been using this service since February with crystal-clear calling, zero outages, and flawless texting and Internet service on four phones! Suppose we told you we were using these same four lines to provide free calling on four different Incredible PBX servers scattered across the United States.
Well, folks, it’s all true and today only starting at 5 p.m. Eastern daylight time until midnight, it’s your lucky day! What’s the catch? There’s a one-time, $32.50 non-refundable deposit to cover overages in minutes, messages, and data. If you’d prefer to borrow a Sprint-compatible phone from the company, there’s a deposit on the loaner phone. The cost ranges from $30 to $140 which is refunded when you return the phone in good condition. Complete plan details are available here.
We’ve had running discussions about RingPlus on both the PIAF Forum and DSL Reports for a couple months so you can read all the history and comments if you’re interested. Our bottom line goes like this. What if RingPlus goes out of business? What’s my Breakeven Date, i.e. the day on which I will recover my initial deposit on the phone service plus the cost of the phone versus the cost of comparable service with a competitor? Frankly, that’s all you should care about. And, for today’s deal, that works out to less than two months regardless of which other provider you choose. Any free service after that date is pure gravy. RingPlus may last an extra month, or it still may be going five years from now. Either way, you win. And we’ll be looking forward to your Nerd Vittles donation on June 24 when you reach your Breakeven Date. Just click Help the Nerdy in the upper right corner of our site. 😉
If you really believe in CYA and need a new smartphone anyway, then trot down to your local Apple Store today and purchase an unlocked iPhone SE for $399. Be sure to specify the Sprint model. It can be used to sign up with RingPlus at 5 p.m. And, if RingPlus croaks, this Sprint-model phone still will work with AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, or any Sprint MVNO. You also have 14 days to return it for a full refund!
Today’s To-Do List. So you want to take the plunge. Here’s how to get started. First, go to RingPlus.net and click the Sign Up button promptly at 5 p.m. This plan is advertised on SlickDeals so the loaner phones will go quickly. Click Select Plan under the Elevator free plan description. When the Sign Up page appears, click Purchase a Phone at the RingPlus Store. Click on the Phones tab and choose Loaner Phones. If you prefer, you can also purchase a smartphone from about two dozen choices with prices starting at $65. Choose your phone and click Add to Cart. Then complete the rest of the checkout procedure to order your phone. When your phone arrives in a couple of weeks, you’ll receive instructions to sign up for the Elevator Free Plan. Our previous article on RingPlus will guide you through the rest of the activation process. Enjoy!
Originally published: Sunday, April 24, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
Taking a Fresh Look at the Asterisk, FreePBX, and Incredible PBX Security Models
About once a year, we try to shine the spotlight on Asterisk® security in hopes of saving lots of organizations and individuals a little bit (or a lot) of money. In light of last week’s major security lapse in the Asterisk® dialplan of those using FreePBX® since the Asterisk@Home days, now seemed like a good time for a review. As we’ve noted before, the problem with open source phone systems is they’re open source phone systems. So the bad guys can figure out how they work just like the good guys. Unfortunately, some of the bad guys are paying particular attention to Asterisk and FreePBX so it behooves all of us to remain vigilant and patch vulnerabilities quickly. The FreePBX Devs have done an admirable job in responding quickly to this issue.
Last week’s vulnerability involves the call transfer methodology that has been incorporated into FreePBX-based Asterisk servers for at least a decade. In a nutshell, it allows an internal or outside caller or called party to transfer a call using touchtones instead of a dedicated transfer button or hook flash. ## performs a blind transfer while *2 sets up an attended transfer where the person transferring the call can actually talk to the transfer recipient before executing the call transfer. Some of our foreign friends used this *2 methodology to initiate calls to Asterisk servers and then to transfer those calls to expensive destinations while the other party to the call listened to music on hold. Worse yet, it could be performed within an answering IVR on some servers so the administrator never knew the call transfer took place other than reviewing the call detail records. As with some previous vulnerabilities, this one had lain dormant since the inception of call transfer technology in Asterisk. The default settings in FreePBX permitted outside calling or called parties to initiate transfers using these feature codes. We’re reminded of a similar vulnerability that used to exist in many Asterisk voicemail systems that allowed callers to dialout to another number from within the voicemail system.
We hope to persuade you today that allowing transfer of calls using touch tones is a very bad idea to begin with. Even when you don’t get a surprise phone bill, it often results in unanticipated consequences such as depicted in this video shared on DSL Reports:
Here’s how you can protect any server that uses all or some of the FreePBX GUI. First, be aware that the FreePBX developers are working on a rewrite of the Core component in versions 13 and 12. The fix would limit use of this technology to those on the internal side of a PBX. In other words, remote callers would be blocked from calling into an Asterisk server and transferring themselves to a phone on a cruise ship sailing in the Indian Ocean. In the meantime, issuing the following commands will patch things up:
mysql -uroot -ppassw0rd asterisk -e "update freepbx_settings set value = 'tr' where keyword = 'DIAL_OPTIONS' limit 1" mysql -uroot -ppassw0rd asterisk -e "update freepbx_settings set value = '' where keyword = 'TRUNK_OPTIONS' limit 1" amportal a r
For those using Incredible PBX™, the Automatic Update Utility will patch your server the next time you log in as root.
Olle Johansson has been one of the primary shakers and movers when it comes to educating folks on Asterisk security and inspiring developers to do a better job designing these systems. If you didn’t attend AstriCon 2013 and haven’t watched the Security Master Class, put these videos on your Bucket List. They’re all free and well worth your time.
When we began building out Incredible PBX on other platforms several years ago, we decided it was an opportune time to revisit our Asterisk security model and make it as bullet-proof as possible given the number of people now deploying Asterisk servers in the cloud. As a practical matter, there are no hardware-based firewalls to protect you with many of the cloud-based systems. So you literally live or die based upon the strength of your own software-based security model.
As in the past, security is all about layers of protection. A bundle of sticks is harder to break than a single stick. There now are Incredible PBX builds for CentOS, Scientific Linux, Ubuntu 14, and the latest Raspbian 8 for the Raspberry Pi 2 and 3. All of these releases include the new Incredible PBX security model. Here’s how it works…
The 7 Security Layers include the following, and we will go into the details below:
- Preconfigured IPtables Linux Firewall
- Preconfigured Travelin’ Man 3 WhiteLists
- Randomized Port Knocker for Remote Access
- TM4 WhiteListing by Telephone (optional)
- Fail2Ban
- Randomized Ultra-Secure Passwords
- Automatic Security Updates & Bug Fixes
1. IPtables Linux Firewall. Yes, we’ve had IPtables in place with PBX in a Flash for many years. And, yes, it was partially locked down in previous Incredible PBX releases if you chose to deploy Travelin’ Man 3. Now it’s automatically installed AND locked down, period. As installed, the new Incredible PBX limits login access to your server to those on your private LAN (if any) and anyone logging in from the server’s public or private IP address and the public IP address of the desktop machine used to install the Incredible PBX software. If you or your users need access from other computers or phones, those addresses can be added quickly using either the Travelin’ Man 3 tools (add-ip and add-fqdn) or using the Port Knocker application running on your desktop or smartphone. All you need is your randomized 3 codes for the knock. You can also enable a remote IP address by telephone. Keep reading!
2. Travelin’ Man 3 WhiteLists. As in the past, many of the major SIP providers have been whitelisted in the default setup so that you can quickly add new service without worrying about firewall access. These are providers that we’ve used over the years. The preconfigured providers include Vitelity (outbound1.vitelity.net and inbound1.vitelity.net), Google Voice (talk.google.com), VoIP.ms (city.voip.ms), DIDforsale (209.216.2.211), CallCentric (callcentric.com), and also VoIPStreet.com (chi-out.voipstreet.com plus chi-in.voipstreet.com), Les.net (did.voip.les.net), Future-Nine, AxVoice (magnum.axvoice.com), SIP2SIP (proxy.sipthor.net), VoIPMyWay (sip.voipwelcome.com), Obivoice/Vestalink (sms.intelafone.com), Teliax, and IPkall. You are, of course, free to add other providers or users using the whitelist tools being provided. add-ip lets you add an IP address to your whitelist. add-fqdn lets you add a fully-qualified domain name to your whitelist. del-acct lets you remove an entry from your whitelist. Because FQDNs cause problems with IPtables if the FQDN happens to be invalid or non-functional, we’ve provided a customized iptables-restart tool which will filter out bad FQDNs and start up IPtables without the problematic entries.
Be advised that whitelist entries created with PortKnocker are stored in RAM, not in your IPtables file. These RAM entries will get blown out of the water whenever your system is restarted OR if IPtables is restarted. Stated another way, PortKnocker should be used as a stopgap tool to get new IP addresses qualified quickly. If these addresses need access for more than a few hours, then the Travelin’ Man 3 tools should be used to add them to your IPtables whitelist. If your whitelist setup includes dynamic IP addresses, be aware that using ipchecker in a cron job to test for changing dynamic IP addresses will remove PortKnocker whitelist RAM entries whenever an IP address change triggers an iptables-restart.
For more detail on Travelin’ Man 3, review our original tutorial.
3. PortKnocker WhiteListing. We’ve previously written about PortKnocker so we won’t repeat the article here. Simply stated, it lets you knock on three ports on a host machine in the proper order to gain access. If you get the timing and sequence right, the IP address from which you knocked gets whitelisted for access to the server… with appropriate admin or root passwords, of course. The knocking can be accomplished with either a command line tool or an iOS or Android app using your smartphone or tablet. As noted above, it’s a terrific stopgap tool to let you or your users gain quick access to your server. For the reasons we’ve documented, don’t forget that it’s a stopgap tool. Don’t use it as a replacement for Travelin’ Man 3 whitelists unless you don’t plan to deploy dynamic IP address automatic updating. Just to repeat, PortKnocker whitelists get destroyed whenever IPtables is restarted or your server is rebooted. You’ve been warned.
4. TM4 WhiteListing by Telephone. Newer releases of Incredible PBX are preconfigured with ODBC support for telephony applications. One worth mentioning is our new Travelin’ Man 4 utility which lets a remote user dial into a dedicated DID and register an IP address to be whitelisted on the server. Within a couple minutes, the user will be sent an email confirming that the IP address has been whitelisted and remote access is now enabled. For phone systems and administrators supporting hundreds of remote users, this new feature will be a welcome addition. It can be configured in a couple minutes by following the Installation instructions in the Travelin’ Man 4 tutorial. Unlike PortKnocker, whitelisted IP addresses added with TM4 are permanent until modified by the remote user or deleted by the administrator.
5. Fail2Ban. We’ve never been a big fan of Fail2Ban which scans your logs and blacklists IP addresses after several failed attempts to log in or register with SSH or Apache or Asterisk. The reason is because of documented cases where attacks from powerful servers (think: Amazon) completely overpower a machine and delay execution of Fail2Ban log scanning until tens of thousands of registration attempts have been launched. The FreePBX folks are working on a methodology to move failed login attempts to a separate (smaller) log which would go a long way toward eliminating the log scanning bottleneck. In the the meantime, Fail2Ban is included, and it works when it works. But don’t count on it as your only security layer.
6. Randomized Passwords. With the new security model described above, we’ve dispensed with Apache security to protect FreePBX® access. These new Incredible PBX releases rely upon the FreePBX security model which uses encrypted passwords stored in MySQL or MariaDB. As part of the installation process, Incredible PBX randomizes ALL FreePBX passwords including those for the default 701 extension as well as the admin password. When your new Incredible PBX install completes, the most important things to remember are your (randomized) FreePBX admin password AND the (randomized) 3 ports required for Port Knocker access. Put them in a safe place. Sooner or later, you’ll need them. You can review your PortKnocker settings in /root/knock.FAQ. We’ve also included admin-pw-change in the /root folder for those that are too lazy to heed our advice. With the new security model, there is no way to look up your admin password. All you can do is change it… assuming you haven’t also forgotten your root password. 😉
7. Automatic Update Service. All new Incredible PBX builds include an automatic update service to provide security patches and bug fixes whenever you log into your server as root. It saved you just last week! If you don’t want the updates for some reason, you can delete the /root/update* file from your server. If the cost of maintaining this service becomes prohibitive, we may implement a pay-for-service fee, but it presently is supported by voluntary contributions from our users. It has worked extremely well and provided a vehicle for pushing out updates that affect the reliability and security of your server.
A Word About IPv6. Sooner or later Internet Protocol version 6 will be upon us because of the exhaustion of IPv4 IP addresses. Incredible PBX is IPv6-aware and IPtables has been configured to support it as well. As deployed, outbound IPv6 is not restricted. Inbound access is limited to localhost. You, of course, are free to modify it in any way desired. Be advised that disabling IPv6 localhost inbound access will block access to the FreePBX GUI. Don’t ask us how we know. 🙂
Originally published: Monday, April 18, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
Chasing the Asterisk Rainbow: An Incredible PBX for Everyman… and Woman
The one thing we’ve learned over the past decade is that everyone’s telecommunications needs are different. We began the Incredible PBX™ project by offering a script for PBX in a Flash™ that enhanced its functionality by adding three dozen applications for Asterisk® plus a rock-solid, preconfigured firewall. We expanded on that initial design by offering installers to support both Elastix® 4.0 and even the FreePBX® Distro and AsteriskNOW. But many asked for something more. Some wanted a turnkey install on inexpensive hardware so we now have a Raspberry Pi® 3 image that configures itself in under a minute. Others wanted and we provided an ISO image that could be loaded onto a USB thumb drive and used to install Incredible PBX on virtually any standalone hardware platform including the $200 Intel NUC. Then there were the enthusiasts that insisted upon virtual machines for virtually everything. So we built Incredible PBX images for Proxmox, and VirtualBox, and VMware. All of these builds could be set up about as quick as you can snap your fingers. Still others believed that all computing should be handled with Cloud-based servers. So we created a $10.50 solution for lifetime Cloud computing with CloudAtCost, a $5/month solution with Digital Ocean, and a $15/month rock-solid reliable PBX with RentPBX. Finally, there were operating system purists. Some preferred RedHat/CentOS/Scientific Linux while others swore by Debian or Ubuntu or Raspbian 8. So we added Incredible PBX builds for every conceivable operating system.
What remained consistent through all of these Incredible PBX iterations was our absolute commitment to providing a secure computing environment out of the box with a feature set unmatched in both the open source and commercial PBX communities. But, of course, there is always someone that doesn’t want features and prefers a secure platform on which to build their own servers. We’ve even accommodated that request with the Lean, Mean Edition of Incredible PBX.
So, today while we work on taxes, you can take a leisurely stroll through all of the available Incredible PBX links above and choose a platform that best meets your needs. Our other uncompromising feature is price. Incredible PBX is and always will be free with NoGotchas. If you’re still confused about choosing a favorite build, try our Decision Tree below. It’ll give you suggestions in less than a minute. Come join the party!
Originally published: Monday, April 11, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
TrueCNAM: A Breath of Fresh Air for CNAM Lookups and CallerID Superfecta
It’s always nice to see your baby grow up. Nearly a decade ago, we introduced an AGI script for Asterisk@Home known as CallerID Trifecta for FreePBX® 2.2.0. As sources of CNAM lookups expanded, a number of other individuals contributed code to support those lookups. When we added a fourth CNAM lookup source, the original application morphed into CallerID Superfecta. Then we gave up. The source lookups became too numerous to mention much less name. But all of the original code still resided in a difficult-to-maintain PHP/AGI script.
Tony Shiffer picked up the ball and converted the application into a FreePBX module which made it incredibly easy to add new providers and to configure the ones you wished to use. Then Jeremy Jacobs with help from other members of the PBX in a Flash™ Forum community released a real masterpiece, CallerID Superfecta 2.0. Thanks to the efforts of Lorne Gaetz and POSSA, CallerID Superfecta became a truly collaborative, open source project. The number of CNAM sources continued to expand with support for international sources around the world. Then came additional functionality to allow Asterisk® interfaces to XBMC, SqueezeBox, MythTV, and Growl among others. Finally, additions were added to assist in dealing with annoying SPAM calls. Even though CallerID Superfecta has continued to flourish, the number of free and almost free lookup sources particularly in the United States has dwindled as more and more providers cashed in to make their VoIP fortunes.
Introducing TrueCNAM: The Spammer’s Worst Nightmare
Today, we’re pleased to introduce a new CNAM service, TrueCNAM, that strikes what we believe is a fair balance between free and incredibly affordable commercial tiers with appeal to a broad cross-section of the VoIP community. In addition, James Finstrom has introduced a CallerID Superfecta module for TrueCNAM making it easy to implement and configure.
What Do It Do? Let’s start with the basics for those just learning about CallerID. Ma Bell in her infinite wisdom designed a scheme for looking up a Caller Name (CNAM) to match a phone number whenever an incoming call arrived at your home or office. Instead of sending both the phone number and the CNAM down the wire, virtually all providers throw the CNAM portion of the CallerID sent by the calling party in the bit bucket. On the receiving end, the CallerID number is looked up in a proprietary directory to retrieve the matching CallerID name. The problem, of course, is gaining access to these proprietary directories which are maintained by various providers that make a tidy sum charging fees for access. What TrueCNAM does is to access data from carriers and service providers to retrieve a best match for the phone number that is presented. In addition, TrueCNAM has developed its own CNAM repository so that customers can enter names for unpublished numbers such as cellphones.
In addition to CNAM lookups, TrueCNAM has another awesome feature. TrueCNAM adds a SPAM scoring mechanism called TrueSpam which assigns a numerical score (0-100%) assessing the likelihood that the incoming caller is a spammer. We’re not huge fans of blacklists because typically the bad guys are smarter than those managing the blacklist. But this is a new kind of "revolving blacklist." TrueSpam scores can increase, decrease, or become "0″ again in the future depending on the data-points seen for them over time. The data sources used for calculating TrueSpam scores include:
- Live traffic flows from carriers, service providers, and end-users utilizing the service.
- A network of hundreds of thousands of honeypot numbers primarily in North America. Honeypot numbers are telephone numbers that are not connected to an end-user that TrueSpam receives real-time data on. This helps identify many of the most infamous RoboCallers.
- Feedback from end-users indicating a number is or is not spam.
- Public and private complaint data feeds from multiple government agencies. Additional sources are actively being negotiated.
- Other third-party sources found to be highly accurate.
All of these sources then are aggregated and weighted via an algorithm to produce and update TrueSpam scores in real-time. Most importantly, telemarketing and robocalling numbers frequently are identified and scored within minutes of the first calls.
We believe that coupling TrueSpam with CNAM lookups is a terrific addition particularly for business users. And some providers such as CallCentric have integrated TrueSpam reporting directly into their VoIP offerings to block robocalls. Hopefully, others will follow.
TrueCNAM was kind enough to offer us a Business account so that we could more easily run TrueCNAM through its paces. In a word, it PASSED with flying colors. If you live in the United States, TrueCNAM will become your primary lookup tool based upon both functionality and cost. And Mr. Finstrom’s module for CallerID Superfecta makes TrueCNAM downright irresistible.
Installing TrueCNAM with CallerID Superfecta
There are any number of ways to integrate TrueCNAM into a VoIP server. The TrueCNAM web site will walk you through using the TrueCNAM API for those that are interested. For today, we’ll show you the easiest way to deploy it using an existing CallerID Superfecta module on any Incredible PBX™ or FreePBX server platform. Unless you’re using Incredible PBX, you may have to manually install the CallerID Superfecta module using Module Admin or GitHub. Once you’ve gotten that far, the next step is to add the TrueCNAM module to your CallerID Superfecta platform. This can be done from GitHub, or you can log into your server and issue the following commands:
cd / wget http://incrediblepbx.com/TrueCNAM.tar.gz tar zxvf TrueCNAM.tar.gz rm -f TrueCNAM.tar.gz
Establishing a TrueCNAM Account and Obtaining Credentials
To get started, sign up for the Free account on the TrueCNAM site. Note that you’ll have to add a phone number to the TrueCNAM directory to take advantage of the free account, a small price to pay. 😉
Once your account is established, log in with your credentials and choose MyAccount -> Account Settings -> API Keys. Click on the Add API Key button to generate your API credentials. Write them down. You’ll need them below. Now log out.
Configuring TrueCNAM with CallerID Superfecta
Once you have the TrueCNAM module installed and after you’ve set up your TrueCNAM account and obtained your credentials, fire up your favorite Incredible PBX or FreePBX GUI and choose Admin -> CID Superfecta -> Default. Now follow these steps to set up TrueCNAM with your credentials.
(1) Find TrueCNAM in the listing of Superfecta modules and click the Enabled button.
(2) Use the UP icon beside TrueCNAM to drag it up near the top priority slot for CallerID Superfecta. Personal directories should still take precedence.
(3) Click on the TrueCNAM label to open the Settings menu for the Module and enter your APIkey and Password from your TrueCNAM registration.
(4) Unless you know what you’re doing, leave TrueSPAM checked with the Threshold set at 80.
(5) Click the Submit button to save your credentials.
(6) Drop down to the end of Superfecta Template and (1) enable SPAM Interception, (2) change the SPAM Send Threshold from 3 to 1, and (3) choose a Destination for SPAM calls:
(7) Click Agree and Save to store your Default Superfecta setup.
Activating CallerID Superfecta for Desired Inbound Routes
Both Incredible PBX and the FreePBX GUI manage CNAM lookups as part of the Inbound Route setup. If you have multiple inbound routes, then you have to enable CallerID Superfecta on each route on which you want it activated. It’s important to note that you do NOT want to activate a CID Lookup Source AND Superfecta CID Lookup on the same route! So the CNAM setup for each inbound route should look something like the following. Enjoy!
Originally published: Monday, April 4, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
Smartphone Trifecta: 2016’s Very Best Cellphones with Two Awesome Surprises
Every year we try to check out the latest and greatest smartphones with emphasis on finding those that are the best fit with Asterisk®. So this year is really special because our three favorite new phones all come with a couple of surprises. First, monthly cellular service can be FREE on all of them! Second, all of the phone numbers associated with the three phones can be used as free SIP trunks with Incredible PBX™ or your favorite Asterisk server.
If you’ve been following Nerd Vittles since early February of this year, then you already know that RingPlus, a Sprint MVNO, is the best bargain on the planet. Over the past six weeks of weekly specials from RingPlus, we’ve managed to update all of our free RingPlus accounts to either unlimited calling, texting, and 2GB of monthly data or 3,000 minutes of calling, 3,000 text messages, and 3GB of data. For anybody (except teenagers) that’s sufficient monthly capacity to do almost anything you’d like to do with a smartphone except stream movies all day.
We initially showed how to take dirt cheap Boost Mobile and Virgin Mobile prepaid phones and repurpose them for use with RingPlus. Sprint apparently read our article as well because that loophole is going away on April 17. However, you still have time to find one and activate it on RingPlus following our previous tutorial. The only catch is that, if you ever deactivate it, you will lose the ability to reactivate it without first using it with Boost or Virgin for a full year. The landfills will be so happy with all these cellphone bricks because of Sprint’s latest attempt to shoot itself in the foot. We think there also are some legal issues that the FCC needs to address. These phones are sold as "contract-free" when, in fact, there is a very specific and undisclosed contractual requirement. If you don’t keep service with the provider for a year, your phone becomes a brick. In antitrust terminology, it’s called tying. And some would argue that it also constitutes false advertising. We plan to file a complaint and would urge all of our readers to do the same. Here’s a link.
But enough about the Sprint mentality. It really is legendary, and it’s been the same for 20+ years. We doubt it will ever change unless the entire Sprint management team is replaced. So where do we go from here? Well we decided to upgrade most of our phones to the latest and greatest postpaid phones available, and we wanted to try out our 2016 favorites (pictured above). Here’s some really great news. Samsung’s new Galaxy S7 and S7 Edge as well as Apple’s new iPhone SE work swimmingly with RingPlus as long as you purchase the Sprint-branded models at full retail price from either Best Buy or an Apple Store. Sprint and Target will refuse to sell you one unless you activate it with Sprint in the store. You also can’t buy the Sprint-branded iPhones on line from Apple without activating Sprint service, but that restriction doesn’t apply if you visit an Apple Store.
It took a week to chase down a Galaxy S7 and almost two weeks to find a Galaxy S7 Edge at a Best Buy store. Don’t believe the store inventory on their web site. Neither of the phones we purchased was shown as available at the locations where we bought them. So you’ll need to call or visit a store at least while the new Galaxy phones remain a scarce commodity. As for the iPhone SE, it went on sale at Apple Stores this morning at 10 a.m. At the Charleston store, I was third in line and both of the people in front of me also were buying the Sprint-branded iPhone SE to use with RingPlus. The Apple sales folks said they had never before seen a run on Sprint phones. Guess why?
Here’s the drill. Purchase your favorite phone after you read our mini-reviews below. Don’t open the box just yet. Instead, look on the bottom of the box and decipher the IMEI/MEID of your phone. Immediately run that number through the RingPlus Device Checker to be sure it will work on the Sprint network using a RingPlus account. There shouldn’t be a problem with any of these three phones, and all of them come with a Sprint SIM card so you won’t have to worry about obtaining one from RingPlus. Some have reported that the Best Buy phones were locked. We can only surmise that the customer delayed activating the phone with RingPlus which gave Sprint time to block the serial number which Best Buy reported. If this happens to you, we are told that Sprint will unlock the phone once you provide proof that it was purchased at full retail price. If all else fails, Best Buy has a 14-day return policy. Remember, anything is possible when dealing with Sprint.
Once your phone passes the compatibility check, sign up for a new free RingPlus plan. These plans change weekly and sometimes are only offered for a couple of hours so you may want to hold off on signing up until a deal comes along that meets your requirements. Update: There are a number of excellent promotions at the moment which run through April 5. Our previous article explained in detail how these free plans work. Switching plans typically is limited to those that buy into the annual Member+ program. You can read all about the plans and programs on the RingPlus Community Forum. If you already have a RingPlus account with a registered phone, you can swap out the phone with one of these three new ones for a one-time charge of $1.99. All you’ll need is your new MEID and ICC ID numbers. The entire phone swap only takes a minute or two. Once it’s complete, turn on your phone. The rest is automagic!
Comparing the Phones. We don’t often glow about reviews, but the TechRadar review of the Galaxy S7 Edge is a must-read. There has never been a better phone than this one. And, only an inch behind it is the Galaxy S7 which bears an uncanny resemblance to the new iPhone SE except for its 50% larger screen size. We actually are more comfortable carrying the Galaxy S7 with its all-metal construction. For whatever reason, the S7 Edge always feels like its about a millisecond away from slipping out of your hand. You will most definitely want a case for the S7 Edge.
In terms of performance and camera quality, the new Galaxy phones are in a league of their own. Here’s a photo hurriedly snapped through a restaurant window with our Galaxy S7 earlier this week. If you’ve ever tried to take sunset pictures with an iPhone or cheapo Android device, you’ll appreciate what a challenge these shots can be. We’ll annotate this article with an iPhone SE photo if and when the opportunity presents itself. The other good news with the new Galaxy phones is they are at least waterproof for a few minutes. If you live near the water, that will come as a welcome addition as well. Finally, Samsung has closed the gap with Apple’s iPhones on backing up and restoring everything on your phone. For years, this has been Apple’s best feature in our humble opinion. Now Samsung goes Apple one better. If you happen to have two Samsung devices that you want clone, simply choose Backup and Reset from Settings. Then Open Smart Switch on both devices and hold the two phones back to back. It’s that easy. Or you can opt for the more traditional restore method that works precisely as it does with an iPhone using the Samsung Cloud. For some additional tips and tricks, visit the PCMag.com site and watch the video "Exploring the Galaxy S7″ which includes a number of comparisons with Apple iPhone devices including the iPhone SE. Enjoy!
We previously covered the SIP setup for RingPlus devices using their WiFi Fluidcall feature. It provides a free SIP trunk for Asterisk at a cost of zero dollars. For the complete tutorial, take a look at the original article. Enjoy!
Originally published: Thursday, March 31, 2016
9 Countries Have Never Visited Nerd Vittles. Got a Friend in Any of Them https://t.co/wMfmlhiQ9y #asterisk #freepbx pic.twitter.com/TPFGZbqWB6
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) April 22, 2016
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
Special Thanks to Our Generous Sponsors
FULL DISCLOSURE: ClearlyIP, Skyetel, Vitelity, DigitalOcean, Vultr, VoIP.ms, 3CX, Sangoma, TelecomsXchange and VitalPBX have provided financial support to Nerd Vittles and our open source projects through advertising, referral revenue, and/or merchandise. As an Amazon Associate and Best Buy Affiliate, we also earn from qualifying purchases. We’ve chosen these providers not the other way around. Our decisions are based upon their corporate reputation and the quality of their offerings and pricing. Our recommendations regarding technology are reached without regard to financial compensation except in situations in which comparable products at comparable pricing are available from multiple sources. In this limited case, we support our sponsors because our sponsors support us.
BOGO Bonaza: Enjoy state-of-the-art VoIP service with a $10 credit and half-price SIP service on up to $500 of Skyetel trunking with free number porting when you fund your Skyetel account. No limits on number of simultaneous calls. Quadruple data center redundancy. $25 monthly minimum spend required. Tutorial and sign up details are here.
The lynchpin of Incredible PBX 2020 and beyond is ClearlyIP components which bring management of FreePBX modules and SIP phone integration to a level never before available with any other Asterisk distribution. And now you can configure and reconfigure your new Incredible PBX phones from the convenience of the Incredible PBX GUI.
VitalPBX is perhaps the fastest-growing PBX offering based upon Asterisk with an installed presence in more than 100 countries worldwide. VitalPBX has generously provided a customized White Label version of Incredible PBX tailored for use with all Incredible PBX and VitalPBX custom applications. Follow this link for a free test drive!
Special Thanks to Vitelity. Vitelity is now Voyant Communications and has halted new registrations for the time being. Our special thanks to Vitelity for their unwavering financial support over many years and to the many Nerd Vittles readers who continue to enjoy the benefits of their service offerings. We will keep everyone posted on further developments.
Some Recent Nerd Vittles Articles of Interest…
The Sensational Raspberry Pi 3 Featuring Incredible PBX GUI with Raspbian 8 Jessie
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Hard to believe it’s been four years since the introduction of the original Raspberry Pi®. Over eight million RasPi’s have been shipped. To celebrate its fourth birthday, Eben Upton has done it again. Meet the sensational Raspberry Pi 3 sporting a 1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU with ten times the performance of the original Raspberry Pi. Of particular interest to the VoIP community will be the RasPi 3’s integrated 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 4.1 hardware. And, of course, the RasPi 3 retains its compatibility with the Raspberry Pi 1 and 2. Did we mention it’s still just $35? Because we like to celebrate birthdays, too, we’re pleased to introduce a brand new Incredible PBX™ image for the Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 featuring Raspbian 8 and the latest release of Asterisk® 13. Unlike previous builds, this one installs in under a minute. Yes, it’s still FREE and features pure open source GPL code. No Gotchas!
07/01/2019 NEWS FLASH: Just released Incredible PBX LITE for the Raspberry Pi 2, 3, and 4 featuring Raspbian 10 Buster. Tutorial here.
Raspberry Pi 3 Performance. Gone are the days of worrying about Raspberry Pi performance. Both the user interface and call quality now match what you’d expect to find on a $300-$500 VoIP server. Even with a Raspberry Pi 2, we have detected no performance degradation thanks to the latest Raspbian 8 OS and a virtually flawless Asterisk 13 platform. For best results, we recommend 32GB Class 10 microSD cards which now are plentiful at the $10 price point.1
Raspberry Pi 3 Shopping List. Before you can install Incredible PBX, you’ll need a compatible Raspberry Pi 3 platform. Here’s the short list:
$35* Raspberry Pi 3 from MCM or Newark or Amazon $10 Power Adapter (2.5 amps minimum!) $9 32GB microSDHC Class 10 card £12.95 Rainbow Pibow case or $9.50 Official RasPi case
About That Asterisk. We write about Asterisk® regularly, but the asterisk we’re talking about is the one accompanying the $35* price tag for the Raspberry Pi 3. Yes, that’s the advertised price. And, no, if you want one this year, you’re not going to pay that. There are the marked up shipping prices, the bundled add-on’s that you don’t need or want, and the must-have accessories like a power adapter. We’re assuming you already own a USB keyboard and an HDMI-compatible monitor. If so, just plan on $100 and consider yourself lucky if you get all the pieces for less. Our order from Pimoroni in the U.K. with a case and 3-day shipping was £59.36 or $82.95 U.S. Our order from MCM for just the RasPi 3 with shipping was $46.99.
Incredible PBX Feature Set. Where to begin? Let’s start with the Alphabet Stew: IAX, SIP, GVSIP, SMS, and SRTP functionality. Voice Recognition and Text-to-Speech VoIP application support using FLITE, GoogleTTS, and PicoTTS. Free calling with Google Voice, Simonics SIP gateway, or RingPlus cellular service. And all of your Nerd Vittles favorites: Fax, AsteriDex, Click-to-Dial, News, Weather, Reminders, and Wakeup Calls. Plus hundreds of features that typically are found in commercial PBXs: Conferencing, IVRs and AutoAttendants, Email Delivery of Voicemail, Voicemail Blasting, and more…
10-Layer Network Security Model. Most phone calls cost money. Unlike many of the other "free" VoIP solutions, our most important criteria for VoIP is rock-solid security. If your free server ends up costing you thousands of dollars in phone bills due to fraud, it isn’t free at all. Once you plug in that network cable, you’ve painted a bullseye on your checkbook.
No single network security system can protect you against zero-day vulnerabilities that no one has ever seen. Deploying multiple layers of security is not only smart, it’s essential with today’s Internet topology. It works much like the Bundle of Sticks from Aesop’s Fables. The more sticks there are in your bundle, the more difficult it is to break them apart. If a vulnerability suddenly appears in the Linux kernel, or in Asterisk, or in Apache, or in your favorite web GUI, you can continue to sleep well knowing that other layers of security have your back. No one else in the telecommunications industry has anything close. Ours is all open source GPL code so we would encourage everyone to get on board and do their part to make the Internet a safer place!
Do your part and do your homework. Comparison shop as if your phone bill matters! 😉 Incredible PBX provides:
- Preconfigured IPtables Linux Firewall
- Preconfigured Travelin’ Man 3 WhiteLists
- Randomized Port Knocker for Remote Access
- TM4 WhiteListing by Telephone (optional)
- Fail2Ban Log Monitoring for SSH, Apache, Asterisk
- Randomized Ultra-Secure Passwords
- Automatic Update Utility for Security & Bug Fixes
- Asterisk Manager Lockdown to localhost
- Apache htaccess Security for Vulnerable Web Apps
- Security Alerts via RSS Feeds in Kennonsoft and Incredible PBX GUIs
Installation Tutorial. Here’s everything need to know about installation and setup. "Automatic" means you just watch.
- Download and unzip Incredible PBX image from SourceForge (with or without GV OAuth support)
- Transfer Incredible PBX image to microSD card
- Boot Raspberry Pi from new microSD card
- Login to RasPi console as pi:raspberry to initialize your server (Automatic)
- Reboot after writing down your server IP address (Automatic)
- Login via SSH as root:password to randomize passwords & configure firewall (Automatic)
- Optionally, install Incredible Fax: /root/incrediblefax13_raspi3.sh (Credentials: admin:password)
- Enjoy!
Configuring Trunks with Incredible PBX
Before you can actually make and receive calls, you’ll need to add one or more VoIP trunks with providers, create extensions for your phones, and add inbound and outbound routes that link your extensions to your trunks. Here’s how a PBX works. Phones connect to extensions. Extensions connect to outbound routes that direct calls to specific trunks, a.k.a. commercial providers that complete your outbound calls to any phone in the world. Coming the other way, incoming calls are directed to your phone number, otherwise known as a DID. DIDs are assigned by providers and you register your trunks using credentials handed out by these providers. Incoming calls are routed to your DIDs which use inbound routes telling the PBX how to direct the calls internally. A call could go to an extension to ring a phone, or it could go to a group of extensions known as a ring group to ring a group of phones. It could also go to a conference that joins multiple people into a single call. Finally, it could be routed to an IVR or AutoAttendant providing a list of options from which callers could choose by pressing various keys on their phone.
We’ve done most of the prep work for you with Incredible PBX. We’ve set up an Extension to which you can connect a SIP phone or softphone. We’ve set up an Inbound Route that, by default, sends all incoming calls to a Demo IVR. And we’ve built a dozen trunks for some of the best providers in the business. Sign up with the ones you prefer, plug in your credentials, and you’re good to go.
Unlike traditional telephone service, you need not and probably should not put all your eggs in one basket when it comes to telephone providers. In order to connect to Plain Old Telephones, you still need at least one provider. But there is nothing wrong with having several. And a provider that handles an outbound call (termination) need not be the same one that handles an incoming call (origination) and provides your phone number (DID). We cannot recommend Vitelity highly enough, and it’s not just because they have financially supported our projects for almost a decade. They’re as good as VoIP providers get, and we use lots of them. If you’re lucky enough to live in the U.S., you’d be crazy not to set up a Google Voice account. It’s free as are all phone calls to anywhere in the U.S. and Canada. The remaining preconfigured providers included in Incredible PBX are equally good, and we’ve used and continue to use almost all of them. So pick a few and sign up. You only pay for the calls you make with each provider so you have little to lose by choosing several. The PIAF Forum includes dozens of recommendations on VoIP providers if you want additional information.
With the preconfigured trunks in Incredible PBX, all you need are your credentials for each provider and the domain name of their server. Log into Incredible PBX GUI Administration as admin using a browser. From the System Status menu, click Connectivity -> Trunks. Click on each provider you have chosen and fill in your credentials including the host entry. Be sure to uncheck the Disable Trunk checkbox! Fill in the appropriate information for the Register String. Save your settings by clicking Submit Changes. Then click the red Apply Config button.
Configuring a Softphone for Incredible PBX
We’re in the home stretch now. You can connect virtually any kind of telephone to your new PBX. Plain Old Phones require an analog telephone adapter (ATA) which can be a separate board in your computer from a company such as Digium. Or it can be a standalone SIP device such as ObiHai’s OBi100 or OBi110 (if you have a phone line from Ma Bell to hook up as well). SIP phones can be connected directly so long as they have an IP address. These could be hardware devices or software devices such as the YateClient softphone. We’ll start with a free one today so you can begin making calls. You can find dozens of recommendations for hardware-based SIP phones both on Nerd Vittles and the PIAF Forum when you’re ready to get serious about VoIP telephony.
We recommend YateClient which is free. Download it from here. Run YateClient once you’ve installed it and enter the credentials for the 701 extension on Incredible PBX. You’ll need the IP address of your server plus your extension 701 password. Choose Applications _> Extensions -> 701 and write down your SIP/IAX Password. You can also find it in /root/passwords.FAQ. Fill in the blanks using the IP address of your Server, 701 for your Username, and whatever Password you assigned to the extension when you installed Incredible PBX. Click OK to save your entries.
Once you are registered to extension 701, close the Account window. Then click on YATE’s Telephony Tab and place some test calls to the numerous apps that are preconfigured on Incredible PBX. Dial a few of these to get started:
DEMO - Apps Demo
123 - Reminders
947 - Weather by ZIP Code
951 - Yahoo News
*61 - Time of Day
TODAY - Today in History
If you are a Mac user, another great no-frills softphone is Telephone. Just download and install it from the Mac App Store.
Configuring Google Voice
If you want to use Google Voice, you’ll need a dedicated Google Voice account to support Incredible PBX. The more obscure the username (with some embedded numbers), the better off you will be. This will keep folks from bombarding you with unsolicited Gtalk chat messages, and who knows what nefarious scheme will be discovered using Google messaging six months from now. So keep this account a secret!
IMPORTANT: Do NOT under any circumstances take Google’s bait to switch from Google Chat to Hangouts, or you will forever lose the ability to use Google Chat with Incredible PBX. Also be sure to enable the Google Chat option as one of your phone destinations in Settings, Voice Setting, Phones. That’s the destination we need for The Incredible PBX to work its magic! Otherwise, all inbound and outbound calls will fail. Good News! You’re in luck. Google has apparently had a change of heart on discontinuing Google Chat support so it’s enabled by default in all new Google Voice accounts. Once you’ve created a Gmail and Google Voice account, go to Google Voice Settings and click on the Calls tab. Make sure your settings match these:
- Call Screening – OFF
- Call Presentation – OFF
- Caller ID (In) – Display Caller’s Number
- Caller ID (Out) – Don’t Change Anything
- Do Not Disturb – OFF
- Call Options (Enable Recording) – OFF
- Global Spam Filtering – ON
Click Save Changes once you’ve adjusted your settings. Under the Voicemail tab, plug in your email address so you get notified of new voicemails. Down the road, receipt of a Google Voice voicemail will be a big hint that something has come unglued on your PBX.
One final word of caution is in order regardless of your choice of providers: Do NOT use special characters in any provider passwords, or nothing will work!
Now you’re ready to configure your Google Voice account in Incredible PBX. You can do it from within the Incredible PBX GUI by choosing Connectivity -> Google Voice. How you enter your credentials depends upon whether you have chosen the Incredible PBX image with OAuth 2 support. For a complete Google Voice OAuth tutorial, follow steps 8-10 in this Nerd Vittles tutorial. Once you’ve entered your credentials, you MUST restart Asterisk from the command line, or Google Voice calls will fail.
If you have trouble getting Google Voice to work (especially if you have previously used your Google Voice account from a different IP address), try this Google Voice Reset Procedure. It usually fixes connectivity problems. If it still doesn’t work, enable Less Secure Apps using this Google tool.
If you have difficulty finding the Google Chat option after setting up a new Google Voice account, follow this tutorial.
Another option is to use an inexpensive SIP Gateway to Google Voice. The Simonics trunk in the Incredible PBX GUI is preconfigured for this purpose. All you’ll need is your Google Voice credentials. Get started with this tutorial.
Adding Speech Recognition Support to Incredible PBX
To support many of our applications, Incredible PBX has included Google’s speech recognition service for years. These applications include Weather Reports by City (949), AsteriDex Voice Dialing by Name (411), and Wolfram Alpha for Asterisk (4747), all of which use Lefteris Zafiris’ terrific speech-recog AGI script. Unfortunately (for some), Google now has tightened up the terms of use for their free speech recognition service. Now you can only use it for "personal and development use." If you meet those criteria, keep reading. Here’s how to activate speech recognition on Incredible PBX. Don’t skip any steps!
To use Wolfram Alpha by phone, you first must obtain a free Wolfram Alpha APP-ID. Then issue the following command replacing APP-ID with your actual ID. Do NOT change the yourID portion of the command:
sed -i "s|yourID|APP-ID|" /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin/4747
Now you’re ready to try out the speech recognition apps. Dial 949 and say the name of a city and state/province/country to get a current weather forecast from Yahoo. Dial 411 and say "American Airlines" to be connected to American.
To access Wolfram Alpha by phone, dial 4747 and enter your query, e.g. "What planes are overhead." Read the Nerd Vittles tutorial for additional examples and tips.
Enabling WiFi on the Raspberry Pi
With the Raspberry Pi 3, wi-fi hardware is included. With the Raspberry Pi 2, you’ll need to add an inexpensive wifi dongle. The next step is connecting to your WiFi router. Simply open /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf with your favorite editor and insert the following code using the actual SSID name and password to access your local, password-protected WiFi router or any open WiFi network:
network={
ssid="YourSSID"
psk="YourSSIDpassword"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
scan_ssid=1
priority=5
}
network={
key_mgmt=NONE
priority=1
}
Finally, stop and restart the wlan0 interface, count to 15, and check the status of your server to decipher the new IP address for your WiFi connection:
ifdown wlan0 ifup wlan0 pbxstatus
If you want to run your Raspberry Pi exclusively off the WiFi connection, simply unplug the network cable from your RasPi and reboot your server.
UPDATE: There still is a quirk with the wireless LAN driver on the Raspberry Pi 3. The problem has to do with the default power management of the wlan0 interface which results in it being powered off after very brief periods of inactivity. Special thanks to Matt Gemmell for this fix. Just cut-and-paste the lines below into a terminal window, and you’ll be good to go.
WARNING: Run pbxstatus first. If the top line shows Raspberry Pi 3, the following WiFi patch is already installed.
echo "options 8192cu rtw_power_mgnt=0 rtw_enusbss=0 rtw_ips_mode=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/8192cu.conf sed -i '/exit 0/d' /etc/rc.local echo "sleep 10" >> /etc/rc.local echo "iwconfig wlan0 power off" >> /etc/rc.local echo "exit 0" >> /etc/rc.local echo "[Unit]" > /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "Description=Turn off wlan power management" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "After=suspend.target" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "[Service]" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "Type=simple" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "ExecStartPre= /bin/sleep 10" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "ExecStart= /sbin/iwconfig wlan0 power off" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "[Install]" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service echo "WantedBy=suspend.target" >> /etc/systemd/system/root-resume.service systemctl enable root-resume reboot
After rebooting, if you issue the iwconfig wlan0 command, it should show: Power Management:off.
Update: Lessons Learned for Raspberry Pi 3 Road Warriors
As with all new devices, you learn some things as you go along. So we’re providing an update to our original article to offer a couple of additional tips and tricks for those that want to travel with a RasPi…
Alternative Power Sources. If you’re like us, you have a number of devices around the house or office that all require 5V power adapters of various amperages. The Raspberry Pi has traditionally been one of the most temperamental when it came to power adapters and, with the Raspberry Pi 3, the developers specifically mention a 2.5 amp minimum. If you travel and want to take devices such as the Raspberry Pi with you, the last thing you want to do is approach airport security with a bunch of wires hanging out of your carry-on bag. Well, there’s good news. The Anker device shown in the Amazon ad in the right column of Nerd Vittles can supply power to 6 devices including a Raspberry Pi 3. And we’ve given the RasPi a healthy workout with no adverse effects.
Deciphering the RasPi IP Address. As we mentioned, we travel a lot so obtaining a DHCP address for your RasPi in WiFi mode is not always the easiest thing to accomplish. If your smartphone supports tethering, that’s the easiest way to get connectivity on the road. A better way is to stick a WiFi HotSpot in your luggage and it, too, can be powered using the Anker device. See our recent article for WiFi HotSpot choices. Regardless of which option you choose, it will require some planning to use your RasPi sans monitor and keyboard. First, you need to preconfigure /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf with the SSID of the device you’ll be using to hand out DHCP addresses. You’ll note from the discussion above that each entry in this file has a priority with higher numbers having higher priority. The way we typically do this is to assign our home network as the highest priority. Below that, we set up credentials for our MiFi Hotspot, then our smartphones, and finally open networks. So it looks like this:
- Home Network – 6
- MiFi HotSpot – 5
- Android phone – 4
- iPhone (AT&T) – 3
- Open Network – 1
Keep in mind that the Incredible PBX firewall probably will block you from accessing the RasPi from a computer on the public network. So you also must connect your computer to the same private WiFi network because private LAN addresses are whitelisted in the firewall by default.
Once you have connectivity for your RasPi and your laptop, the other wrinkle is figuring out the IP address of the Raspberry Pi. Our recommended approach goes like this. First, configure SendMail on the RasPi to use a Gmail account that you own as an SMTP smarthost to send emails. That should work almost anywhere you go. Second, modify /etc/rc.local to automatically send you an email with the IP address and SSID of your wireless network whenever the RasPi boots. Again, this takes some advance planning because you need to set all of this up and test it before you go on the road.
Here are the steps to modify SendMail to use an existing Gmail account as a SmartHost. Log into your RasPi as root and issue the following commands:
cd /etc/mail hostname -f > genericsdomain touch genericstable makemap -r hash genericstable.db < genericstable mv sendmail.mc sendmail.mc.original wget http://nerdvittles.dreamhosters.com/pbxinaflash/source/sendmail/sendmail.mc.gmail cp sendmail.mc.gmail sendmail.mc mkdir -p auth chmod 700 auth cd auth echo AuthInfo:smtp.gmail.com \"U:smmsp\" \"I:user_id\" \"P:password\" \"M:PLAIN\" > client-info echo AuthInfo:smtp.gmail.com:587 \"U:smmsp\" \"I:user_id\" \"P:password\" \"M:PLAIN\" >> client-info echo AuthInfo:smtp.gmail.com:465 \"U:smmsp\" \"I:user_id\" \"P:password\" \"M:PLAIN\" >> client-info nano -w client-info
When the nano editor opens the client-info file, change the 3 user_id entries to your Gmail account name without @gmail.com and change the 3 password entries to your actual Gmail password. Save the file: Ctrl-X, Y, then ENTER.
Now issue the following commands. In the last step, press ENTER to accept all of the default prompts:
chmod 600 client-info makemap -r hash client-info.db < client-info cd .. make sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf' /etc/mail/sendmail.mc sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/sendmail.mc sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/Makefile sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/sendmail.cf sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/databases sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/sendmail.mc.gmail sed -i 's|sendmail-cf|sendmail\/cf|' /etc/mail/sendmail.cf.errors sendmailconfig
Next, edit /etc/hosts and /etc/hostname. Change the raspberypi3 entries to: raspberrypi3.incrediblepbx.com.
Finally, stop and restart SendMail and then send yourself a test message. Be sure to check your spam folder!
/etc/init.d/sendmail stop /etc/init.d/sendmail start apt-get install mailutils -y echo "test" | mail -s testmessage yourname@yourdomain.com
The last step is to add these commands to /etc/rc.local to send you an email with your IP address and SSID whenever the RasPi is rebooted. Insert the following commands just above the exit 0 line at the end of the file. Use an email address to which you have access on the road!
ESSID=`iwconfig | grep ESSID | tail -1 | cut -f 9 -d " "` echo "IP address: $(hostname -I) on $ESSID" | mail -s "RaspberryPi3 IP Address" yourname@yourdomain.com
Enabling Bluetooth on the Raspberry Pi
Implementing Bluetooth Proximity Detection with Smartphone and your #RaspberryPi3 https://t.co/TYFrcqcLux #asterisk pic.twitter.com/QqGNjqG3Ag
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) March 4, 2016
Incredible Fax Returns for the Raspberry Pi
PIONEERS: Free Faxing Returns for #RaspberryPi3 and Raspbian Jessie https://t.co/As1dMYPNLF #asterisk #IncrediblePBX pic.twitter.com/qDrJcy9cgn
— Ward Mundy (@NerdUno) March 7, 2016
Mastering the Incredible PBX Feature Set
Now would be a good time to explore the Incredible PBX applications. Continue reading there. If you have questions, join the PBX in a Flash Forums and take advantage of our awesome collection of gurus. There's an expert available on virtually any topic, and the price is right. As with Incredible PBX, it's absolutely free. Enjoy!
Originally published: Monday, March 7, 2016 Updated: Saturday, March 26, 2016
Support Issues. With any application as sophisticated as this one, you're bound to have questions. Blog comments are a difficult place to address support issues although we welcome general comments about our articles and software. If you have particular support issues, we encourage you to get actively involved in the PBX in a Flash Forum. It's the best Asterisk tech support site in the business, and it's all free! Please have a look and post your support questions there. Unlike some forums, the PIAF Forum is extremely friendly and is supported by literally hundreds of Asterisk gurus and thousands of users just like you. You won't have to wait long for an answer to your question.
Need help with Asterisk? Visit the PBX in a Flash Forum.
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